PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126764 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Ammonite Chrons of North America			Ordovician of North America						Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan										Wanganui	Haweran	0
				Northgrippian												0.0042
				Greenlandian												0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												0.0117
				Chibanian												0.129
				Chibanian											Castlecliffian	0.34
				Calabrian											Castlecliffian	0.774
				Calabrian											Nukumaruan	1.63
				Gelasian											Nukumaruan	1.8
				Gelasian											Mangapanian	2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian											Mangapanian	2.58
				Piacenzian											Waipipian	3
				Zanclean											Waipipian	3.6
				Zanclean											Opoitian	3.7
			Miocene	Messinian										Taranaki	Kapitean	5.333
				Messinian											Tongaporutuan	7.2
				Tortonian											Tongaporutuan	7.246
				Tortonian										Southland	Waiauan	11.04
				Serravallian											Waiauan	11.63
				Serravallian											Lillburnian	13.05
				Langhian											Lillburnian	13.82
															Clifdenian	15.1
														Pareora	Altonian	15.9
				Burdigalian											Altonian	15.98
				Burdigalian											Otaian	18.7
				Aquitanian											Otaian	20.44
				Aquitanian										Landon	Waitakian	21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											Waitakian	23.03
															Duntroonian	25.2
															Whaingaroan	27.3
				Rupelian												27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian												33.9
														Arnold	Runangan	34.6
															Kaiatan	36.7
				Bartonian											Kaiatan	37.71
				Bartonian											Bortonian	39.1
				Lutetian											Bortonian	41.2
														Dannevirke	Porangan	42.6
															Heretaungan	45.7
				Ypresian											Heretaungan	47.8
															Mangaorapan	48.9
															Waipawan	52
			Paleocene	Thanetian											Teurian	56
				Selandian												59.2
				Danian												61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										Mata	Haumurian	66
				Campanian											Haumurian	72.1
				Santonian											Piripauan	83.6
				Santonian										Raukumara	Teratan	86.1
				Coniacian												86.3
				Turonian												89.8
															Mangaotanean	90.5
															Arowhanan	93.7
				Cenomanian											Arowhanan	93.9
														Clarence	Ngaterian	95.2
															Motuan	99.5
			Early Cretaceous	Albian											Motuan	100.5
															Urutawan	103.3
														Taitai	Korangan	108.4
				Aptian											Korangan	113
				Aptian												117.5
				Barremian												121.4
				Hauterivian												125.77
				Valanginian												132.6
Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
			Kimmeridgian		149.2
			Oxfordian		154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
			Bathonian		165.3
			Bajocian		Epizigzagiceras	168.2
			Bajocian		Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense	168.4
			Aalenian		Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni	170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta	174.7
					Planulata	179.3 *
					Planulata	Arnioceras arnouldi	179.8 *
					Kanense		181.3 *
					Carlottense		182.3 *
					Kunae		183.5 *
			Pliensbachian		Kunae		184.2
					Freboldi		185.1 *
					Whiteavesi/Imlayi		Tetraspidoceras	186.2 *
							Tetraspidoceras	189.2 *
					Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras		Canadensis	190.3 *
			Sinemurian					192.9
					Pseudaetomoceras	Psiloceras		196.4 *
					Franziceras/Euphyllites			196.5 *
			Hettangian		Franziceras/Euphyllites			199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian					201.4
			Norian					208.5
			Carnian					227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian					237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian					242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian					247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan					251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian					254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian					259.51
			Wordian					264.28
			Roadian					266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian					273.01
			Artinskian					283.5
			Sakmarian					290.1
			Asselian					293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					298.9
			Kasimovian					303.7
			Moscovian					307
			Bashkirian					315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian					323.2
			Visean					330.9
			Tournaisian					346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian					382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian					387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian					393.3
			Pragian					407.6
			Lochkovian					410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli						419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
		Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
			Aeronian					438.5
			Rhuddanian					440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
			Katian						Gamachian	445.2
									Richmondian	446 *
				Maysvillian					Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
				Edenian						450.4 *
				Mohawkian				Chatfieldian		451.1 *
			Sandbian					Chatfieldian		453
								Turinian		453.7 *
				Whiterockian					Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								458.4
			Dapingian								467.3
			Dapingian					Rangerian			469.1 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian	Ibexian				Blackhillsian		Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
			Floian					Tulean				473.9 *
			Tremadocian					Tulean				Ungurian	477.7
								Stairsian					480.3 *
								Skullrockian			Demingian †		482 *
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					Skullrockian				Batyrbaian	485.4
			Stage 10										487.5
			Jiangshanian										489.5
												Aksaian	490.7 *
												Sakian	492.2 *
			Paibian									Sakian	494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian									Ayusokkanian	497
			Guzhangian									499.5
			Drumian				Zhanaarykian					500.5
			Drumian		Tuesaian	503
			Wuliuan		Tuesaian	504.5
			Wuliuan			505.3
		Series 2	Stage 4			509
					Toyonian	510 *
					Botomian	512.5 *
			Stage 3		Botomian	514
Atdabanian			Stage 3		515.6 *
Terreneuvian		Stage 2	Tommotian		521
		Stage 2			525.5
		Fortunian			529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran					Vendian					538.8
		Cryogenian										635
		Tonian										720
		Tonian					Karatau					800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian					Karatau					1000
		Stenian					Yurmatian					1100
		Ectasian					Yurmatian					1200
		Ectasian					Burzyan					1375
																1400