PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127017 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ammonite Chrons of North America			Ordovician of North America						Ordovician of the Baltic			Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Permian of Western Europe	Obsolete Names for ICS Units	Neogene Mammal Ages of China
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene																			Nihewanian	0.0117
		Chibanian																				0.129
		Calabrian																				0.774
		Gelasian																				1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian																		Tertiary †	Yushean	2.58
		Zanclean																			Yushean	3.6
		Zanclean																			Baodean	4.9
	Miocene	Messinian																				5.333
		Tortonian																				7.246
		Tortonian																			Tunggurian	11.1
		Serravallian																			Tunggurian	11.63
		Langhian																			Shanwangian	13.82
		Burdigalian																			Shanwangian	15.98
		Burdigalian																			Xiejiaan	16.9
		Aquitanian																			Xiejiaan	20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																				23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian																				27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																				33.9
		Bartonian																				37.71
		Lutetian																				41.2
		Ypresian																				47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian																				56
		Selandian																				59.2
		Danian																				61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																				66
		Campanian																				72.1
		Santonian																				83.6
		Coniacian																				86.3
		Turonian																				89.8
		Cenomanian																				93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																				100.5
		Aptian																				113
		Barremian																				121.4
		Hauterivian																				125.77
		Valanginian																				132.6
		Berriasian																				139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																				145
		Kimmeridgian																				149.2
		Oxfordian																				154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																				161.5
		Bathonian																				165.3
		Bajocian	Epizigzagiceras																			168.2
		Bajocian	Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense																			168.4
		Aalenian	Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni																			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta																			174.7
			Planulata																			179.3 *
			Planulata		Arnioceras arnouldi																	179.8 *
			Kanense																			181.3 *
			Carlottense																			182.3 *
			Kunae																			183.5 *
		Pliensbachian	Kunae																			184.2
			Freboldi																			185.1 *
			Whiteavesi/Imlayi	Tetraspidoceras																		186.2 *
				Tetraspidoceras																		189.2 *
			Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras	Canadensis																		190.3 *
		Sinemurian																				192.9
			Pseudaetomoceras		Psiloceras																	196.4 *
			Franziceras/Euphyllites																			196.5 *
		Hettangian	Franziceras/Euphyllites																			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																				201.4
		Norian																				208.5
		Carnian																				227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian																				237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian																				242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian				247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan				251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				Zechstein	Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				Rotliegendes		259.51
		Wordian						264.28
		Roadian						266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian						273.01
		Artinskian				Autunian		283.5
		Sakmarian						290.1
		Asselian						293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						298.9
		Kasimovian						303.7
		Moscovian						307
		Bashkirian						315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian						323.2
		Visean						330.9
		Tournaisian						346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian						387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
		Pragian						407.6
		Lochkovian						410.8
Silurian	Pridoli							Ohesaare	419.2
	Pridoli							Kaugetuma	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian						Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian						Paadla	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						Rootsikula	427.4
		Homerian						Jaagarahu	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian						Jaagarahu	430.5
		Sheinwoodian						Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian						Jaani	433.4
		Telychian						Adavere	434 *
		Aeronian						Adavere	438.5
		Aeronian						Raikkula	439.4 *
		Rhuddanian						Raikkula	440.8
		Rhuddanian						Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						Cincinnatian	Gamachian	Harju	Porkuni	Kosovian	443.8
		Katian							Gamachian		Pirgu	Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
									Richmondian		Pirgu			446 *
											Vormsi			449.6 *
												Berounian		449.7 *
									Maysvillian					Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
									Maysvillian		Nabala				Johvi †	450 *
									Edenian		Nabala					450.4 *
									Edenian	Viru	Rakvere					450.6 *
								Mohawkian	Chatfieldian		Rakvere					451.1 *
											Oandu					452 *
		Sandbian									Keila				Idavere †	453
									Turinian		Keila					453.7 *
											Haljala					453.9
											Haljala					Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
											Kukruse							456.4 *
								Whiterockian			Kukruse			Canadian †				Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
				Uhaku							Aluoja †				457.5 *
													Liben †			458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	458.4
			Dobrotivian		458.5 *
			Dobrotivian	Lasnamagi	458.9 *
			Oretanian	Lasnamagi	459.7 *
				Aseri	460.4 *
				Aseri	Sarka †								461.7 *
				Oeland						Kunda			462.9 *
										Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum		464.3 *
										Volkhov			Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka			467.1 *
		Dapingian			Klabava †		467.3
			Arenigian				468
							Rangerian		469.1 *
							Rangerian		Billingen	469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian					Ibexian	Blackhillsian		Jeffersonian †						Cassinian †	470
											Latorp †						470.1 *
									Hunneberg								473.7 *
						Tulean		473.9 *
		Tremadocian	Tremadocian			Tulean		477.7
						Stairsian		480.3 *
						Stairsian		Varangu	481.3 *
						Skullrockian		Varangu	Demingian †							482 *
								Pakerort	Demingian †							482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						Pakerort								485.4
																486.3 *
																486.5
																487.5
		Jiangshanian														489.5
		Paibian														494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian														Series 3 †	497
		Drumian															500.5
		Wuliuan															Stage 5 †	504.5
																						509