PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126844 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ammonite Chrons of North America			Silurian Ages of Europe	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Cambrian Epochs	Permian of the Salt Range	Cretaceous Subepochs
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan						Wanganui	Haweran				0
		Northgrippian											0.0042
		Greenlandian											0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											0.0117
		Chibanian											0.129
		Chibanian							Castlecliffian				0.34
		Calabrian							Castlecliffian				0.774
		Calabrian							Nukumaruan				1.63
		Gelasian							Nukumaruan				1.8
		Gelasian							Mangapanian				2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian							Mangapanian				2.58
		Piacenzian							Waipipian				3
		Zanclean							Waipipian				3.6
		Zanclean							Opoitian				3.7
	Miocene	Messinian						Taranaki	Kapitean				5.333
		Messinian							Tongaporutuan				7.2
		Tortonian							Tongaporutuan				7.246
		Tortonian						Southland	Waiauan				11.04
		Serravallian							Waiauan				11.63
		Serravallian							Lillburnian				13.05
		Langhian							Lillburnian				13.82
									Clifdenian				15.1
								Pareora	Altonian				15.9
		Burdigalian							Altonian				15.98
		Burdigalian							Otaian				18.7
		Aquitanian							Otaian				20.44
		Aquitanian						Landon	Waitakian				21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian							Waitakian				23.03
									Duntroonian				25.2
									Whaingaroan				27.3
		Rupelian											27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian											33.9
								Arnold	Runangan				34.6
									Kaiatan				36.7
		Bartonian							Kaiatan				37.71
		Bartonian							Bortonian				39.1
		Lutetian							Bortonian				41.2
								Dannevirke	Porangan				42.6
									Heretaungan				45.7
		Ypresian							Heretaungan				47.8
									Mangaorapan				48.9
									Waipawan				52
	Paleocene	Thanetian							Teurian				56
		Selandian											59.2
		Danian											61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian						Mata	Haumurian			Senonian	66
		Campanian							Haumurian				72.1
		Santonian							Piripauan				83.6
		Santonian						Raukumara	Teratan				86.1
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
									Mangaotanean				90.5
									Arowhanan				93.7
		Cenomanian							Arowhanan				93.9
								Clarence	Ngaterian				95.2
									Motuan				99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian							Motuan			Gallic	100.5
									Urutawan				103.3
								Taitai	Korangan				108.4
		Aptian							Korangan				113
		Aptian											117.5
		Barremian											121.4
		Hauterivian										Neocomian	125.77
		Valanginian											132.6
		Berriasian	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			145
		Kimmeridgian			149.2
		Oxfordian			154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian			161.5
		Bathonian			165.3
		Bajocian			Epizigzagiceras	168.2
		Bajocian			Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense	168.4
		Aalenian			Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian			Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta	174.7
					Planulata	179.3 *
					Planulata	Arnioceras arnouldi	179.8 *
					Kanense		181.3 *
					Carlottense		182.3 *
					Kunae		183.5 *
		Pliensbachian			Kunae		184.2
					Freboldi		185.1 *
					Whiteavesi/Imlayi		Tetraspidoceras	186.2 *
							Tetraspidoceras	189.2 *
					Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras		Canadensis	190.3 *
		Sinemurian						192.9
					Pseudaetomoceras	Psiloceras		196.4 *
					Franziceras/Euphyllites			196.5 *
		Hettangian			Franziceras/Euphyllites			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian						201.4
		Norian						208.5
		Carnian						227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian						237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian						242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian						247.2
		Induan						251.2
		Induan						Kathwai		251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian						Kathwai		251.902
										252.4 *
								Chhidru		252.9 *
		Wuchiapingian						Chhidru		254.14
								Kalabagh		255 *
								Wargal		256 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian								259.51
		Wordian								264.28
										265.3 *
								Amb		266.1 *
		Roadian						Amb		266.9
		Roadian								270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian								273.01
		Artinskian								283.5
		Sakmarian								290.1
		Asselian								293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian								Mapingian †	298.9
		Kasimovian								Mapingian †	303.7
		Kasimovian									305.9
		Moscovian									307
		Bashkirian									315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian									323.2
		Visean									330.9
		Tournaisian									346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian									358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian									372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian									382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian									387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian							393.3
		Pragian							407.6
		Lochkovian							410.8
Silurian	Pridoli								419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	Gleedonian	427.4
		Homerian	Whitwellian	429.7 *
		Sheinwoodian		430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		443.8
		Katian		445.2
		Sandbian		453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian		467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian		470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Late Cambrian					485.4
		Jiangshanian							489.5
		Paibian							494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Middle Cambrian					497
		Drumian							500.5
		Wuliuan							504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4		Early Cambrian					509
	Series 2	Stage 3					514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2					521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian			529
													538.8