PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126764 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Ammonite Chrons of North America			Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Precambrian of Russia	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan						Wanganui	Haweran	0
				Northgrippian								0.0042
				Greenlandian								0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene								0.0117
				Chibanian								0.129
				Chibanian							Castlecliffian	0.34
				Calabrian							Castlecliffian	0.774
				Calabrian							Nukumaruan	1.63
				Gelasian							Nukumaruan	1.8
				Gelasian							Mangapanian	2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian							Mangapanian	2.58
				Piacenzian							Waipipian	3
				Zanclean							Waipipian	3.6
				Zanclean							Opoitian	3.7
			Miocene	Messinian						Taranaki	Kapitean	5.333
				Messinian							Tongaporutuan	7.2
				Tortonian							Tongaporutuan	7.246
				Tortonian						Southland	Waiauan	11.04
				Serravallian							Waiauan	11.63
				Serravallian							Lillburnian	13.05
				Langhian							Lillburnian	13.82
											Clifdenian	15.1
										Pareora	Altonian	15.9
				Burdigalian							Altonian	15.98
				Burdigalian							Otaian	18.7
				Aquitanian							Otaian	20.44
				Aquitanian						Landon	Waitakian	21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian							Waitakian	23.03
											Duntroonian	25.2
											Whaingaroan	27.3
				Rupelian								27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian								33.9
										Arnold	Runangan	34.6
											Kaiatan	36.7
				Bartonian							Kaiatan	37.71
				Bartonian							Bortonian	39.1
				Lutetian							Bortonian	41.2
										Dannevirke	Porangan	42.6
											Heretaungan	45.7
				Ypresian							Heretaungan	47.8
											Mangaorapan	48.9
											Waipawan	52
			Paleocene	Thanetian							Teurian	56
				Selandian								59.2
				Danian								61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian						Mata	Haumurian	66
				Campanian							Haumurian	72.1
				Santonian							Piripauan	83.6
				Santonian						Raukumara	Teratan	86.1
				Coniacian								86.3
				Turonian								89.8
											Mangaotanean	90.5
											Arowhanan	93.7
				Cenomanian							Arowhanan	93.9
										Clarence	Ngaterian	95.2
											Motuan	99.5
			Early Cretaceous	Albian							Motuan	100.5
											Urutawan	103.3
										Taitai	Korangan	108.4
				Aptian							Korangan	113
				Aptian								117.5
				Barremian								121.4
				Hauterivian								125.77
				Valanginian								132.6
Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
			Kimmeridgian		149.2
			Oxfordian		154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
			Bathonian		165.3
			Bajocian		Epizigzagiceras	168.2
			Bajocian		Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense	168.4
			Aalenian		Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni	170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta	174.7
					Planulata	179.3 *
					Planulata	Arnioceras arnouldi	179.8 *
					Kanense		181.3 *
					Carlottense		182.3 *
					Kunae		183.5 *
			Pliensbachian		Kunae		184.2
					Freboldi		185.1 *
					Whiteavesi/Imlayi		Tetraspidoceras	186.2 *
							Tetraspidoceras	189.2 *
					Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras		Canadensis	190.3 *
			Sinemurian					192.9
					Pseudaetomoceras	Psiloceras		196.4 *
					Franziceras/Euphyllites			196.5 *
			Hettangian		Franziceras/Euphyllites			199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian					201.4
			Norian					208.5
			Carnian					227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian					237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian					242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian					247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan					251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian					254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian					259.51
			Wordian					264.28
			Roadian					266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian					273.01
			Artinskian					283.5
			Sakmarian					290.1
			Asselian					293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					298.9
			Kasimovian					303.7
			Moscovian					307
			Bashkirian					315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian					323.2
			Visean					330.9
			Tournaisian					346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian					Srbsko	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian					Chotec	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian					Daleje/Zlichovian	393.3
			Pragian					Pragian	407.6
			Lochkovian					Lochkovian	410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli							419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
		Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
			Aeronian						438.5
			Rhuddanian						440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						443.8
			Katian						445.2
			Sandbian						453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian	470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	485.4
			Jiangshanian	489.5
			Paibian	494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian	497
			Drumian	500.5
			Wuliuan	504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4	509
		Series 2	Stage 3	514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2	521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran							Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian								635
		Tonian								720
		Tonian							Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian							Karatau	1000
		Stenian							Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian							Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian					Burzyan		1375
												1400