PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127083 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Ammonite Chrons of North America			Mesozoic Subages		Ten Million Year Bins	Ordovician of the Baltic				Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Precambrian of Russia	Cambrian of North America		Silurian of England
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan						Cenozoic 6											0
				Northgrippian																	0.0042
				Greenlandian																	0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene																	0.0117
				Chibanian																	0.129
				Calabrian																	0.774
				Gelasian																	1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian																	2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean																	3.6
			Miocene	Messinian																	5.333
				Tortonian																	7.246
				Serravallian						Cenozoic 5											11.63
				Langhian																	13.82
				Burdigalian																	15.98
				Aquitanian																	20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian						Cenozoic 4											23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian						Cenozoic 4											27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian						Cenozoic 3											33.9
				Bartonian						Cenozoic 3											37.71
				Lutetian						Cenozoic 2											41.2
				Ypresian						Cenozoic 2											47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian						Cenozoic 1											56
				Selandian																	59.2
				Danian																	61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian		Cretaceous 8											66
				Campanian				Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian		Cretaceous 7											72.1
				Santonian				Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian		Cretaceous 6											83.6
				Coniacian				Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian													86.3
				Turonian				Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian													89.8
				Cenomanian				Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian		Cretaceous 5											93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian				Late Albian		Cretaceous 4											100.5
								Middle Albian													106.2 *
								Early Albian													109.9 *
				Aptian				Late Aptian		Cretaceous 3											113
				Aptian				Early Aptian		Cretaceous 3											119.5 *
				Barremian				Late Barremian/Early Barremian		Cretaceous 2											121.4
				Hauterivian				Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian		Cretaceous 2											125.77
				Valanginian				Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian		Cretaceous 1											132.6
				Berriasian				Late Berriasian													139.8
								Middle Berriasian													140.6 *
								Early Berriasian													142.7 *
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian	Jurassic 6											145
				Tithonian				Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian	Jurassic 6											146.3 *
				Kimmeridgian				Late Kimmeridgian		Jurassic 5											149.2
				Kimmeridgian				Early Kimmeridgian													152.2 *
				Oxfordian				Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian												154.8
				Oxfordian					Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian												157.9 *
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian				Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian													161.5
				Bathonian				Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian		Jurassic 4											165.3
				Bajocian	Epizigzagiceras			Late Bajocian													168.2
					Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense			Late Bajocian													168.4
					Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense			Early Bajocian													168.6 *
				Aalenian	Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni			Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian		Jurassic 3											170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta			Late Toarcian													174.7
					Planulata																179.3 *
							Arnioceras arnouldi														179.8 *
								Middle Toarcian													180.4 *
					Kanense																181.3 *
					Carlottense																182.3 *
					Carlottense			Early Toarcian													182.9 *
					Kunae			Early Toarcian													183.5 *
				Pliensbachian	Kunae			Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian		Jurassic 2											184.2
					Freboldi																185.1 *
					Whiteavesi/Imlayi	Tetraspidoceras															186.2 *
					189.2 *	Tetraspidoceras
Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras					Canadensis	190.3 *
				Sinemurian		Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian		Jurassic 1		192.9
Pseudaetomoceras							Psiloceras			196.4 *
Franziceras/Euphyllites										196.5 *
Franziceras/Euphyllites				Hettangian		Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian				199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian					Triassic 4		201.4
			Norian				Sevatian			208.5
							Alaunian			213.2 *
							Lacian			216.7 *
			Carnian				Tuvalian	Triassic 3		227
			Carnian				Julian	Triassic 3		233.4 *
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian				Longobardian	Triassic 2		237
			Ladinian				Fassanian			239.7 *
			Anisian				Illyrian			242
							Pelsonian			243.8 *
							Bithynian			244.7 *
							Aegean			245.5 *
		Early Triassic	Olenekian				Spathian	Triassic 1		247.2
			Olenekian				Smithian			248.9 *
			Induan				Dienerian			251.2
			Induan				Griesbachian			251.4 *
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					Permian 4		251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian							254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian							259.51
			Wordian							264.28
			Roadian					Permian 3		266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian					Permian 2		273.01
			Artinskian							283.5
			Sakmarian							290.1
			Asselian					Permian 1		293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					Carboniferous 5		298.9
			Kasimovian					Carboniferous 5		303.7
			Moscovian					Carboniferous 4		307
			Bashkirian					Carboniferous 4		315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian					Carboniferous 3		323.2
			Visean					Carboniferous 2		330.9
			Tournaisian					Carboniferous 1		346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					Devonian 5		358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian					Devonian 4		372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian					Devonian 3		Srbsko	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian					Devonian 3		Chotec	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian					Devonian 2		Daleje/Zlichovian	393.3
			Pragian					Devonian 1		Pragian	407.6
			Lochkovian					Devonian 1		Lochkovian	410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli						Silurian 2			Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	419.2
		Pridoli									Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Bringewood/Elton	421.3
		Ludlow	Ludfordian						Coalbrookdale		Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	423
			Gorstian									425.6
			Gorstian								Buildwas	426.4 *
		Wenlock	Homerian								Buildwas	427.4
			Homerian						Wych		Woolhope	428.4 *
			Sheinwoodian									430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian					Silurian 1				433.4
			Telychian									436.3 *
			Aeronian									438.5
			Aeronian						Cowleigh Park			439.3 *
			Rhuddanian						Cowleigh Park			440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Ordovician 5	Harju			Porkuni		Kosovian	443.8
			Katian									Pirgu		Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
												Vormsi		Kralodvorian		449.6 *
												Vormsi		Berounian		449.7 *
												Nabala				Johvi †	450 *
									Viru			Rakvere					450.6 *
												Oandu					452 *
			Sandbian					Ordovician 4				Keila				Idavere †	453
												Haljala					453.9
												Haljala					Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
					Kukruse							456.4 *
					Uhaku							Aluoja †				457.5 *
				Liben †											458 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					Ordovician 3							458.4
														Dobrotivian	458.5 *
					Lasnamagi									Dobrotivian	458.9 *
					Lasnamagi									Oretanian	459.7 *
					Aseri										460.4 *
				Sarka †	Aseri											461.7 *
					Oeland				Kunda							462.9 *
									Kunda			Valaste †/Hunderum				464.3 *
									Volkhov							Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
			Dapingian	Ordovician 2				Klabava †									467.3
														Arenigian			468
									Billingen								469.3 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian														470
												Latorp †					470.1 *
									Hunneberg								473.7 *
Tremadocian			Ordovician 1	Tremadocian				477.7	Hunneberg
								Varangu	481.3 *
								Pakerort	482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5					Pakerort	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan					485.4
														486.3 *
														486.5
														Sunwaptan			487.5
		Jiangshanian												Sunwaptan			489.5
		Jiangshanian												Steptoean			493 *
		Paibian												Steptoean			494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4						Marjumian					Albertian †			497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4						Marjumian								500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3						Topazan								504.5
		Wuliuan							Delamaran								506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4							Delamaran					Waucoban †			509
		Stage 4							Dyeran								511 *
		Stage 3	Cambrian 2						Dyeran								514
									Montezuman								514.8 *
									Begadean								519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2															521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1														529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran															Vendian			538.8
		Cryogenian																		635
		Tonian								720
		Tonian								Karatau							800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian								Karatau							1000
		Stenian								Yurmatian							1100
		Ectasian								Yurmatian							1200
		Ectasian								Burzyan							1375
																					1400