PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 128057 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe		European Faunal Units	Permian of China	Cambrian of West Avalonia	Ordovician of Australia	Permian of the Salt Range	Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Cretaceous Subepochs
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Villanyian							2.58
		Piacenzian			Ruscinian							3.1 *
		Zanclean			Ruscinian							3.6
	Miocene	Messinian			Turolian							5.333
		Tortonian			Turolian							7.246
		Tortonian			Vallesian							8.7
		Serravallian			Astaracian							11.63
		Langhian			Astaracian							13.82
		Burdigalian			Orleanian							15.98
		Burdigalian			Agenian							20
		Aquitanian			Agenian							20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian										27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian										33.9
		Bartonian										37.71
		Lutetian										41.2
		Ypresian										47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian										56
		Selandian										59.2
		Danian										61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian									Senonian	66
		Campanian										72.1
		Santonian										83.6
		Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian										89.8
		Cenomanian										93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian									Gallic	100.5
		Aptian										113
		Barremian										121.4
		Hauterivian									Neocomian	125.77
		Valanginian										132.6
		Berriasian										139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										145
		Kimmeridgian										149.2
		Oxfordian										154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
		Bathonian										165.3
		Bajocian	Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites									168.2
		Bajocian		Humphresianum								168.4
		Aalenian	Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum									170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense								174.7
			Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons									180.1
			Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum									182
		Pliensbachian	Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni									184.2
		Sinemurian	Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi									192.9
		Hettangian	Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis									199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian										201.4
		Norian										208.5
		Carnian										227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian										237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian										242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian										247.2
		Induan										251.2
		Induan							Kathwai			251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Meishanian			Kathwai			251.902
												252.4 *
									Chhidru			252.9 *
						Baoqingian						253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian				Laoshanian						254.14
									Kalabagh			255 *
									Wargal			256 *
						Laibinian						257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				Lengwuan						259.51
		Wordian				Kuhfengian						264.28
								265.3 *
							Amb	266.1 *
		Roadian					Amb	266.9
		Roadian						270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				Luodianian		273.01
		Artinskian				Luodianian		283.5
		Artinskian				Longlinian		285.4 *
		Sakmarian				Longlinian		290.1
		Asselian				Zisongian		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Zisongian		Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Gzhelian							300.1
		Kasimovian			303.7
		Moscovian			Middle Pennsylvanian			307
		Bashkirian			Early Pennsylvanian			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Late Mississippian			323.2
		Visean			Middle Mississippian			330.9
		Tournaisian			Early Mississippian			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						Srbsko	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian						Chotec	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian						Daleje/Zlichovian	393.3
		Pragian						Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian						Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli								419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian							433.4
		Aeronian							438.5
		Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							Bolindian	443.8
		Katian							Bolindian	445.2
									Eastonian	449 *
									Gisbornian	452 *
		Sandbian							Gisbornian	453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							Darriwilian	458.4
		Dapingian							Yapeenian	467.3
		Dapingian							Castlemainian	468.5 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian							Chewtonian	470
				Bendigonian					471.8 *
				Lancefieldian					473.5 *
		Tremadocian		Lancefieldian					477.7
		Tremadocian		Warendian					482.8 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							485.4
		Jiangshanian	489.5
		Paibian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	497
		Guzhangian	Arcadian						498.4
		Drumian							500.5
		Wuliuan							504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Branchian						509
		Stage 3	Branchian						514
		Stage 3	Placentian						517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2							521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian							529
												538.8