PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe		Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Carboniferous of China	Permian of the Russian Platform		Permian of the Salt Range	Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Silurian of North America
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			Oteke	Puaroan								145
		Kimmeridgian			Oteke	Puaroan								149.2
					Kawhia	Ohauan								150
						Heterian								154.5
		Oxfordian												154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
		Callovian				Temaikan								164.3
		Bathonian												165.3
		Bajocian	Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites											168.2
		Bajocian		Humphresianum										168.4
		Aalenian	Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum											170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense										174.7
				Thouarsense	Herangi	Ururoan								176
														180.1
			Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum											182
		Pliensbachian	Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni											184.2
		Pliensbachian	Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni			Aratauran								188.9
		Sinemurian	Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi											192.9
		Hettangian	Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis											199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian			Balfour	Otapirian								201.4
		Norian				Warepan								208.5
						Otamitan								217
						Oretian								221
		Carnian				Oretian								227
		Carnian			Gore	Kaihikuan								227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian				Kaihikuan								237
		Ladinian				Etalian								238
		Anisian				Etalian								242
		Anisian				Malakovian								246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian				Malakovian								247.2
		Olenekian				Nelsonian								249
		Induan				Nelsonian								251.2
		Induan			DUrville	Makarewan				Kathwai				251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian								Kathwai				251.902
														252.4 *
										Chhidru				252.9 *
						Waiitian								253.2
		Wuchiapingian				Waiitian								254.14
						Puruhauan								254.2
										Kalabagh				255 *
										Wargal				256 *
								Tatarian	Vyatkian					256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Aparima	Flettian			Severodvinian					259.51
		Wordian							Urzhumian					264.28
														265.3 *
						Barettian								266
										Amb				266.1 *
		Roadian						Kazanian	Povolzhian	Amb				266.9
		Roadian						Kazanian	Sokian					270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian						Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian					273.01
						Mangapirian			Irenian/Ufimian					276
									Filipovian					276.5 *
									Saraninian					280.1 *
		Artinskian						Artinskian	Sarginian					283.5
						Telfordian			Sarginian					285
									Irginian					285.9 *
									Burtsevian					287.8 *
									Burtsevian					288.5
		Sakmarian						Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian					290.1
		Sakmarian						Sakmarian	Tastubian					291.7 *
		Asselian						Asselian	Shikhanian					293.52
									Uskalykian					294.8
									Surenian					297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian												298.9
		Gzhelian					Xiaodushanian				300 *
		Kasimovian					Xiaodushanian				303.7
		Kasimovian					Dalaun				305.8 *
		Moscovian									307
		Bashkirian									315.2
							Huashibanian				318.5 *
							Lousuan				321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					Dewunian				323.2
		Serpukhovian					Shangsian				330.8 *
		Visean					Shangsian				330.9
		Visean					Jiusian				335 *
		Tournaisian					Tangbagouan				346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian									358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
		Pragian		407.6
		Lochkovian		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Cayugan	419.2
	Pridoli		Niagaran	422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
	Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		Lockportian							427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian									430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian		Ontarian							433.4
		Aeronian									438.5
											Alexandrian	438.7 *
			Medinan	Clinton								440.1 *
												440.7 *
		Rhuddanian										440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian										443.8
		Katian										445.2
		Sandbian										453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian										458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian										467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian										470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian										Ungurian	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10										Batyrbaian	485.4
		Jiangshanian										Batyrbaian	489.5
												Aksaian	490.7 *
												Sakian	492.2 *
		Paibian										Sakian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian										Ayusokkanian	497
		Guzhangian											499.5
		Drumian										Zhanaarykian	500.5
		Drumian										Tuesaian	503
		Wuliuan										Tuesaian	504.5
		Wuliuan										505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4										509
										Toyonian		510 *
										Botomian		512.5 *
		Stage 3								Botomian		514
		Stage 3								Atdabanian		515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2								Tommotian		521
														525.5