PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126844 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe		Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Devonian of France	Devonian of Eastern North America		Cenozoic Subepochs	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan			Wanganui	Haweran									0
		Northgrippian													0.0042
		Greenlandian													0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene								Late Pleistocene					0.0117
		Chibanian								Middle Pleistocene					0.129
		Chibanian				Castlecliffian				Middle Pleistocene					0.34
		Calabrian				Castlecliffian				Early Pleistocene					0.774
		Calabrian				Nukumaruan									1.63
		Gelasian				Nukumaruan									1.8
		Gelasian				Mangapanian									2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Mangapanian				Late Pliocene					2.58
		Piacenzian				Waipipian				Late Pliocene					3
		Zanclean				Waipipian				Early Pliocene					3.6
		Zanclean				Opoitian				Early Pliocene					3.7
	Miocene	Messinian			Taranaki	Kapitean				Late Miocene					5.333
		Messinian				Tongaporutuan									7.2
		Tortonian				Tongaporutuan									7.246
		Tortonian			Southland	Waiauan									11.04
		Serravallian				Waiauan				Middle Miocene					11.63
		Serravallian				Lillburnian									13.05
		Langhian				Lillburnian									13.82
						Clifdenian									15.1
					Pareora	Altonian									15.9
		Burdigalian				Altonian				Early Miocene					15.98
		Burdigalian				Otaian									18.7
		Aquitanian				Otaian									20.44
		Aquitanian			Landon	Waitakian									21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				Waitakian				Late Oligocene					23.03
						Duntroonian									25.2
						Whaingaroan									27.3
		Rupelian								Early Oligocene					27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian								Late Eocene					33.9
					Arnold	Runangan									34.6
						Kaiatan									36.7
		Bartonian				Kaiatan				Middle Eocene					37.71
		Bartonian				Bortonian									39.1
		Lutetian				Bortonian									41.2
					Dannevirke	Porangan									42.6
						Heretaungan									45.7
		Ypresian				Heretaungan				Early Eocene					47.8
						Mangaorapan									48.9
						Waipawan									52
	Paleocene	Thanetian				Teurian				Late Paleocene					56
		Selandian								Middle Paleocene					59.2
		Danian								Early Paleocene					61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian			Mata	Haumurian									66
		Campanian				Haumurian									72.1
		Santonian				Piripauan									83.6
		Santonian			Raukumara	Teratan									86.1
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
						Mangaotanean									90.5
						Arowhanan									93.7
		Cenomanian				Arowhanan									93.9
					Clarence	Ngaterian									95.2
						Motuan									99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian				Motuan									100.5
						Urutawan									103.3
					Taitai	Korangan									108.4
		Aptian				Korangan									113
		Aptian													117.5
		Barremian													121.4
		Hauterivian													125.77
		Valanginian													132.6
		Berriasian	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
		Kimmeridgian		149.2
		Oxfordian		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian		Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites	168.2
		Bajocian			Humphresianum		168.4
		Aalenian		Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense		174.7
				Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons			180.1
				Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum			182
		Pliensbachian		Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni			184.2
		Sinemurian		Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi			192.9
		Hettangian		Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian					201.4
		Norian					208.5
		Carnian					227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian					237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian					242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian					247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan					251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian					254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian					259.51
		Wordian					264.28
		Roadian					266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian					273.01
		Artinskian					283.5
		Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian					293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					298.9
		Kasimovian					303.7
		Moscovian					307
		Bashkirian					315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					323.2
		Visean					330.9
		Tournaisian					346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					Famennian	Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian					Frasnian	West Fallsian/Sonyean	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					Givetian	Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian					Couvinien	Southwoodian	Cazenovian		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian						Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian		393.3
		Pragian									407.6
		Pragian					Coblencien				408.2 *
		Lochkovian					Gedinnine			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli									419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
	Ludlow	Gorstian								425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian								427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian								430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian								433.4
		Aeronian								438.5
		Rhuddanian								440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian								Kosovian	443.8
		Katian								Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
		Katian								Berounian		449.7 *
		Sandbian										453
												Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
											Liben †			458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				458.4
						Dobrotivian				458.5 *
						Oretanian				459.7 *
										Sarka †			461.7 *
		Dapingian								Klabava †			467.3
		Dapingian	Arenigian			468
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Arenigian			470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Tremadocian							477.7
															485.4