PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126831 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe		Ordovician of Australia	Carboniferous of Western Europe		Ordovician of China		Silurian Ages of Europe	Permian of Western Europe	Silurian of the Baltic
Phanerozoic	Mesozoic	Jurassic	Middle Jurassic	Bajocian	Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites										168.2
				Bajocian		Humphresianum									168.4
				Aalenian	Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum										170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense									174.7
					Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons										180.1
					Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum										182
				Pliensbachian	Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni										184.2
				Sinemurian	Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi										192.9
				Hettangian	Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis										199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											201.4
				Norian											208.5
				Carnian											227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian											237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian											242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian											247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan											251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian											251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian									Zechstein		254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian									Rotliegendes		259.51
				Wordian											264.28
				Roadian											266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian											273.01
				Artinskian									Autunian		283.5
				Sakmarian											290.1
				Asselian											293.52
				Asselian				Kuzel							297.7
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Kuzel							298.9
								Stephanian	Stephanian C						300.3 *
									Stephanian B						300.9 *
									Stephanian A						301.4 *
				Kasimovian					Stephanian A						303.7
				Kasimovian					Cantabrian						305 *
				Moscovian					Cantabrian						307
								Westphalian	Westphalian D						307.4 *
									Westphalian C						309.8
									Westphalian B						314.6
				Bashkirian					Westphalian B						315.2
									Westphalian A						317 *
								Namurian	Yeadonian						318.8 *
									Marsdenian						320.2 *
									Kinderscoutian						321.5 *
									Alportian						322 *
									Chokierian						323.1 *
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian					Chokierian						323.2
									Arnsbergian						324 *
									Pendleian						327.4 *
				Visean				Warnantian	Brigantian †						330.9
								Livian	Asbian †						336.3 *
								Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian						340.2 *
				Tournaisian				Ivorian							346.7
				Tournaisian				Hastarian							353.7 *
		Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian											358.9
			Late Devonian	Frasnian											372.2
			Middle Devonian	Givetian											382.7
			Middle Devonian	Eifelian											387.7
			Early Devonian	Emsian											393.3
				Pragian											407.6
				Lochkovian											410.8
		Silurian	Pridoli											Ohesaare	419.2
			Pridoli											Kaugetuma	421.7 *
			Ludlow	Ludfordian										Kuressaare	423
				Ludfordian										Paadla	423.4 *
				Gorstian										Paadla	425.6
			Wenlock	Homerian								Gleedonian		Rootsikula	427.4
Jaagarahu							429.2 *					Gleedonian
							Whitwellian			429.7 *
				Sheinwoodian						430.5
Jaani				Sheinwoodian						431.8 *
Jaani			Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
Adavere				Telychian		434 *
Adavere				Aeronian		438.5
Raikkula				Aeronian		439.4 *
Raikkula				Rhuddanian		440.8
Juuru				Rhuddanian	441.4 *
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Bolindian	Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou				Wufeng †	443.8
			Katian	Bolindian	Chientangkiangian						445.2
				Eastonian	Chientangkiangian						449 *
				Eastonian	Neichianshanian/Hanjiang						449.5
				Gisbornian							452 *
			Sandbian	Gisbornian							453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Darriwilian	Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo	458.4
		Darriwilian	Darriwilian	Darriwilian	Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo				466.3 *
		Dapingian	Yapeenian	Dapingian						467.3
		Dapingian	Castlemainian	Dapingian						468.5 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Chewtonian	Yiyangian						470
			Bendigonian							471.8 *
			Lancefieldian							473.5 *
		Tremadocian		Xinchangian						477.7
						Lianghekou †				477.9 *
			Warendian			Lianghekou †				482.8 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								485.4
		Jiangshanian								489.5
		Paibian								494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian								497
		Drumian								500.5
		Wuliuan								504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4								509
	Series 2	Stage 3								514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2								521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian								529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran										Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian											635
		Tonian											720
		Tonian										Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian										Karatau	1000
		Stenian										Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian										Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian										Burzyan	1375
															1400