PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe		Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Devonian of Germany	Ammonite Chrons of North America			Precambrian of Russia	Central Paratethys Stages	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian													Tertiary †		2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean															3.6
			Miocene	Messinian															5.333
				Tortonian												Pannonian			7.246
				Serravallian												Sarmatian			11.63
				Serravallian												Badenian			12.8 *
				Langhian															13.82
				Burdigalian															15.98
				Aquitanian															20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian															23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian															27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian															33.9
				Bartonian															37.71
				Lutetian															41.2
				Ypresian															47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian															56
				Selandian															59.2
				Danian															61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian															66
				Campanian															72.1
				Santonian															83.6
				Coniacian															86.3
				Turonian															89.8
				Cenomanian															93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian															100.5
				Aptian															113
				Barremian															121.4
				Hauterivian															125.77
				Valanginian															132.6
				Berriasian															139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian															145
				Kimmeridgian															149.2
				Oxfordian															154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
				Bathonian															165.3
				Bajocian	Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites							Epizigzagiceras							168.2
				Bajocian		Humphresianum						Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense							168.4
				Aalenian	Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum							Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni							170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense						Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta							174.7
												Planulata							179.3 *
														Arnioceras arnouldi					179.8 *
																			180.1
												Kanense							181.3 *
					Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum							Kanense							182
												Carlottense							182.3 *
												Kunae							183.5 *
				Pliensbachian	Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni							Kunae							184.2
												Freboldi							185.1 *
												Whiteavesi/Imlayi	Tetraspidoceras						186.2 *
													Tetraspidoceras						189.2 *
												Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras	Canadensis						190.3 *
				Sinemurian	Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi														192.9
												Pseudaetomoceras		Psiloceras					196.4 *
												Franziceras/Euphyllites							196.5 *
				Hettangian	Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis							Franziceras/Euphyllites							199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian															201.4
				Norian															208.5
				Carnian															227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian															237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian															242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian															247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan															251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian															251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian														Longtanian †	254.14
Guadalupian			Capitanian				259.51
			Wordian				264.28
			Roadian				266.9
Cisuralian			Kungurian				273.01
			Artinskian				283.5
			Sakmarian				290.1
			Asselian				293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				298.9
			Kasimovian				303.7
			Moscovian				307
			Bashkirian				315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian				323.2
			Visean				330.9
			Tournaisian				346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian				Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian				Adorf	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian				Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian				Emsian	393.3
			Pragian				Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian				Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli						419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
		Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
			Aeronian					438.5
			Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Kosovian	443.8
			Katian					Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
			Katian					Berounian		449.7 *
			Sandbian							453
										Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †				456.2 *
									Liben †						458 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian												458.4
								Dobrotivian							458.5 *
								Oretanian							459.7 *
									Sarka †						461.7 *
			Dapingian						Klabava †						467.3
			Dapingian					Arenigian							468
		Early Ordovician	Floian			470		Arenigian
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian			Tremadocian			477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10						485.4
			Jiangshanian						489.5
			Paibian						494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Series 3 †						497
			Drumian												500.5
			Wuliuan	Stage 5 †											504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4												509
		Series 2	Stage 3												514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2												521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian												529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran													Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian														635
		Tonian			720
		Tonian			Karatau							800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian			Karatau							1000
		Stenian			Yurmatian							1100
		Ectasian			Yurmatian							1200
		Ectasian			Burzyan							1375
																			1400