International Chronostratigraphic Timescale
The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:
- K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
- J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
- P. L. Gibbard, M. J. Head, and M. J. C. Walker. 2010. Formal ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 Ma. Journal of Quaternary Science 25(2):96-102 view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show
Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.
Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.
This timescale is used in the definition of 126778 collections
| International Chronostratigraphic Timescale | Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe | Silurian of North America | Carboniferous Subepochs | Cenozoic Subepochs of Southern Europe | Permian of China | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quaternary | Pleistocene | Late Pleistocene | Tarantian | 0.0117 | |||||||
| Chibanian | Ionian | 0.129 | |||||||||
| Calabrian | 0.774 | ||||||||||
| Gelasian | 1.8 | ||||||||||
| Neogene | Pliocene | Piacenzian | 2.58 | ||||||||
| Zanclean | 3.6 | ||||||||||
| Miocene | Messinian | 5.333 | |||||||||
| Tortonian | 7.246 | ||||||||||
| Serravallian | 11.63 | ||||||||||
| Langhian | 13.82 | ||||||||||
| Burdigalian | 15.98 | ||||||||||
| Aquitanian | 20.44 | ||||||||||
| Paleogene | Oligocene | Chattian | 23.03 | ||||||||
| Rupelian | 27.82 | ||||||||||
| Eocene | Priabonian | 33.9 | |||||||||
| Bartonian | 37.71 | ||||||||||
| Lutetian | 41.2 | ||||||||||
| Ypresian | 47.8 | ||||||||||
| Paleocene | Thanetian | 56 | |||||||||
| Selandian | 59.2 | ||||||||||
| Danian | 61.6 | ||||||||||
| Cretaceous | Late Cretaceous | Maastrichtian | 66 | ||||||||
| Campanian | 72.1 | ||||||||||
| Santonian | 83.6 | ||||||||||
| Coniacian | 86.3 | ||||||||||
| Turonian | 89.8 | ||||||||||
| Cenomanian | 93.9 | ||||||||||
| Early Cretaceous | Albian | 100.5 | |||||||||
| Aptian | 113 | ||||||||||
| Barremian | 121.4 | ||||||||||
| Hauterivian | 125.77 | ||||||||||
| Valanginian | 132.6 | ||||||||||
| Berriasian | 139.8 | ||||||||||
| Jurassic | Late Jurassic | Tithonian | 145 | ||||||||
| Kimmeridgian | 149.2 | ||||||||||
| Oxfordian | 154.8 | ||||||||||
| Middle Jurassic | Callovian | 161.5 | |||||||||
| Bathonian | 165.3 | ||||||||||
| Bajocian | Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites | 168.2 | |||||||||
| Humphresianum | 168.4 | ||||||||||
| Aalenian | Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum | 170.9 | |||||||||
| Early Jurassic | Toarcian | Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons | Thouarsense | 174.7 | |||||||
| 180.1 | |||||||||||
| Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum | 182 | ||||||||||
| Pliensbachian | Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni | 184.2 | |||||||||
| Sinemurian | Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi | 192.9 | |||||||||
| Hettangian | Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis | 199.5 | |||||||||
| Triassic | Late Triassic | Rhaetian | 201.4 | ||||||||
| Norian | 208.5 | ||||||||||
| Carnian | 227 | ||||||||||
| Middle Triassic | Ladinian | 237 | |||||||||
| Anisian | 242 | ||||||||||
| Early Triassic | Olenekian | 247.2 | |||||||||
| Induan | 251.2 | ||||||||||
| Permian | Lopingian | Changhsingian | Meishanian | 251.902 | |||||||
| Baoqingian | 253.4 * | ||||||||||
| Wuchiapingian | Laoshanian | 254.14 | |||||||||
| Laibinian | 257.7 * | ||||||||||
| Guadalupian | Capitanian | Lengwuan | 259.51 | ||||||||
| Wordian | Kuhfengian | 264.28 | |||||||||
| Roadian | 266.9 | ||||||||||
| Cisuralian | Kungurian | Luodianian | 273.01 | ||||||||
| Artinskian | 283.5 | ||||||||||
| Longlinian | 285.4 * | ||||||||||
| Sakmarian | 290.1 | ||||||||||
| Asselian | Zisongian | 293.52 | |||||||||
| Carboniferous | Pennsylvanian | Gzhelian | Late Pennsylvanian | 298.9 | |||||||
| 300.1 | |||||||||||
| Kasimovian | 303.7 | ||||||||||
| Moscovian | Middle Pennsylvanian | 307 | |||||||||
| Bashkirian | Early Pennsylvanian | 315.2 | |||||||||
| Mississippian | Serpukhovian | Late Mississippian | 323.2 | ||||||||
| Visean | Middle Mississippian | 330.9 | |||||||||
| Tournaisian | Early Mississippian | 346.7 | |||||||||
| Devonian | Late Devonian | Famennian | 358.9 | ||||||||
| Frasnian | 372.2 | ||||||||||
| Middle Devonian | Givetian | 382.7 | |||||||||
| Eifelian | 387.7 | ||||||||||
| Early Devonian | Emsian | 393.3 | |||||||||
| Pragian | 407.6 | ||||||||||
| Lochkovian | 410.8 | ||||||||||
| Silurian | Pridoli | Cayugan | 419.2 | ||||||||
| Niagaran | 422.5 * | ||||||||||
| Ludlow | Ludfordian | 423 | |||||||||
| Gorstian | 425.6 | ||||||||||
| Wenlock | Homerian | Lockportian | 427.4 | ||||||||
| Sheinwoodian | 430.5 | ||||||||||
| Llandovery | Telychian | Ontarian | 433.4 | ||||||||
| Aeronian | 438.5 | ||||||||||
| Alexandrian | 438.7 * | ||||||||||
| Medinan | Clinton | 440.1 * | |||||||||
| 440.7 * | |||||||||||
| Rhuddanian | 440.8 | ||||||||||
| 443.8 | |||||||||||