International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

  • K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
  • J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
  • F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
  • W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
  • F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
  • F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
  • D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127314 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic TimescaleAmmonite Chrons of Northwest EuropeSilurian of North AmericaDevonian of CzechoslovakiaCarboniferous of Western EuropeEuropean Faunal ZonesCarbo-Permian of the Russian PlatformCambrian of SiberiaPrecambrian of RussiaSilurian Ages of EuropeDevonian of Germany
PhanerozoicCenozoicQuaternaryPleistoceneGelasianMN 171.8
NeogenePliocenePiacenzianMN 162.58
MN 153.2
Zanclean3.6
MN 144.2
MN 134.9
MioceneMessinian5.333
TortonianMN 127.246
MN 117.75
MN 108.7
MN 99.7
MN 7 + 811.1
Serravallian11.63
MN 612.8 *
LanghianMN 513.82
BurdigalianMN 415.98
MN 316.9
MN 220
Aquitanian20.44
MN 122.4
PaleogeneOligoceneChattian23.03
Rupelian27.82
EocenePriabonian33.9
Bartonian37.71
Lutetian41.2
Ypresian47.8
PaleoceneThanetian56
Selandian59.2
Danian61.6
MesozoicCretaceousLate CretaceousMaastrichtian66
Campanian72.1
Santonian83.6
Coniacian86.3
Turonian89.8
Cenomanian93.9
Early CretaceousAlbian100.5
Aptian113
Barremian121.4
Hauterivian125.77
Valanginian132.6
Berriasian139.8
JurassicLate JurassicTithonian145
Kimmeridgian149.2
Oxfordian154.8
Middle JurassicCallovian161.5
Bathonian165.3
BajocianParkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites168.2
Humphresianum168.4
AalenianConcavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum170.9
Early JurassicToarcianLevesquei/Variabilis/BifronsThouarsense174.7
180.1
Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum182
PliensbachianSpinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni184.2
SinemurianRaricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi192.9
HettangianAngulata/Liasicus/Planorbis199.5
TriassicLate TriassicRhaetian201.4
Norian208.5
Carnian227
Middle TriassicLadinian237
Anisian242
Early TriassicOlenekian247.2
Induan251.2
PaleozoicPermianLopingianChanghsingianMelekhovian251.902
Wuchiapingian254.14
GuadalupianCapitanian259.51
Wordian264.28
Noginskian264.9 *
Roadian266.9
CisuralianKungurian273.01
Pavlovoposadian276.8 *
Artinskian283.5
Rusavkinian287.6 *
Sakmarian290.1
Asselian293.52
Kuzel297.7
CarboniferousPennsylvanianGzhelian298.9
StephanianStephanian C300.3 *
Stephanian B300.9 *
Stephanian A301.4 *
KasimovianDorogomilovian303.7
Khamovnikian304.8
Cantabrian305 *
Krevyakinian305.8 *
MoscovianMyachkovian307
WestphalianWestphalian D307.4 *
Podolskian308.9 *
Westphalian C309.8
Kashirian311.4 *
Vereian313.8
Westphalian B314.6
Melekessian314.8
Bashkirian315.2
Cheremshanian316.9 *
Westphalian A317 *
Prikamian318.6 *
NamurianYeadonian318.8 *
Severokeltmian319.9 *
Marsdenian320.2 *
Krasnopolyanian321.2 *
Kinderscoutian321.5 *
Voznesenian321.9 *
Alportian322 *
Chokierian323.1 *
MississippianSerpukhovianZapaltjubian323.2
Arnsbergian324 *
Protvian324.4 *
Steshevian326.8 *
Pendleian327.4 *
Tarusian329 *
ViseanWarnantianBrigantian †Venevian330.9
Mikhailovian331.9 *
Aleksinian333.7 *
Tulian335.8 *
LivianAsbian †336.3 *
Bobrikian339.9 *
MoliniacianHolkerian †/Arundian/Chadian340.2 *
Radaevkian343.4 *
TournaisianIvorianKosvian346.7
Kizelian350.7 *
Cherepetian351.9 *
Hastarian353.7 *
Karakubian354.4 *
Upinian356.3 *
Malevkian357.6 *
Gumerovian358 *
DevonianLate DevonianFamennianWocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden358.9
FrasnianAdorf372.2
Middle DevonianGivetianSrbskoGivetian382.7
EifelianChotecEifelian387.7
Early DevonianEmsianDaleje/ZlichovianEmsian393.3
PragianPragianSiegen407.6
LochkovianLochkovianGedinnine410.8
SilurianPridoliCayugan419.2
Niagaran422.5 *
LudlowLudfordian423
Gorstian425.6
WenlockHomerianLockportianGleedonian427.4
Whitwellian429.7 *
Sheinwoodian430.5
LlandoveryTelychianOntarian433.4
Aeronian438.5
Alexandrian438.7 *
MedinanClinton440.1 *
440.7 *
Rhuddanian440.8
OrdovicianLate OrdovicianHirnantian443.8
Katian445.2
Sandbian453
Middle OrdovicianDarriwilian458.4
Dapingian467.3
Early OrdovicianFloian470
Tremadocian477.7
Mansian †483.55 *
CambrianFurongianStage 10BatyrbaianTavgian †Ketyan †/Yurakian485.4
Jiangshanian489.5
Aksaian490.7 *
Sakian492.2 *
Paibian494
Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian494.7 *
MiaolingianGuzhangianAyusokkanian497
Mayan/Menevian499.5
Drumian500.5
WuliuanAmgan/Solvan504.5
Series 2Stage 4509
ToyonianLenian †510 *
Botomian512.5 *
Stage 3514
Atdabanian515.6 *
TerreneuvianStage 2Tommotian521
Nemakit-Daldynian525.5
FortunianManykaian †529
ProterozoicNeoproterozoicEdiacaranVendian538.8
Cryogenian635
Tonian720
Karatau800
MesoproterozoicStenian1000
Yurmatian1100
Ectasian1200
Burzyan1375
1400