PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126884 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe		Silurian of the Baltic	Cambrian of China		Cambrian of North America		Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Cenozoic Subepochs	Carboniferous of China
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan								Wanganui	Haweran			0
				Northgrippian												0.0042
				Greenlandian												0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										Late Pleistocene		0.0117
				Chibanian										Middle Pleistocene		0.129
				Chibanian									Castlecliffian	Middle Pleistocene		0.34
				Calabrian									Castlecliffian	Early Pleistocene		0.774
				Calabrian									Nukumaruan			1.63
				Gelasian									Nukumaruan			1.8
				Gelasian									Mangapanian			2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									Mangapanian	Late Pliocene		2.58
				Piacenzian									Waipipian	Late Pliocene		3
				Zanclean									Waipipian	Early Pliocene		3.6
				Zanclean									Opoitian	Early Pliocene		3.7
			Miocene	Messinian								Taranaki	Kapitean	Late Miocene		5.333
				Messinian									Tongaporutuan			7.2
				Tortonian									Tongaporutuan			7.246
				Tortonian								Southland	Waiauan			11.04
				Serravallian									Waiauan	Middle Miocene		11.63
				Serravallian									Lillburnian			13.05
				Langhian									Lillburnian			13.82
													Clifdenian			15.1
												Pareora	Altonian			15.9
				Burdigalian									Altonian	Early Miocene		15.98
				Burdigalian									Otaian			18.7
				Aquitanian									Otaian			20.44
				Aquitanian								Landon	Waitakian			21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian									Waitakian	Late Oligocene		23.03
													Duntroonian			25.2
													Whaingaroan			27.3
				Rupelian										Early Oligocene		27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian										Late Eocene		33.9
												Arnold	Runangan			34.6
													Kaiatan			36.7
				Bartonian									Kaiatan	Middle Eocene		37.71
				Bartonian									Bortonian			39.1
				Lutetian									Bortonian			41.2
												Dannevirke	Porangan			42.6
													Heretaungan			45.7
				Ypresian									Heretaungan	Early Eocene		47.8
													Mangaorapan			48.9
													Waipawan			52
			Paleocene	Thanetian									Teurian	Late Paleocene		56
				Selandian										Middle Paleocene		59.2
				Danian										Early Paleocene		61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian								Mata	Haumurian			66
				Campanian									Haumurian			72.1
				Santonian									Piripauan			83.6
				Santonian								Raukumara	Teratan			86.1
				Coniacian												86.3
				Turonian												89.8
													Mangaotanean			90.5
													Arowhanan			93.7
				Cenomanian									Arowhanan			93.9
												Clarence	Ngaterian			95.2
													Motuan			99.5
			Early Cretaceous	Albian									Motuan			100.5
													Urutawan			103.3
												Taitai	Korangan			108.4
				Aptian									Korangan			113
				Aptian												117.5
				Barremian												121.4
				Hauterivian												125.77
				Valanginian												132.6
Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
			Kimmeridgian		149.2
			Oxfordian		154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
			Bathonian		165.3
			Bajocian		Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites	168.2
			Bajocian			Humphresianum	168.4
			Aalenian		Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum		170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense	174.7
					Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons		180.1
					Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum		182
			Pliensbachian		Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni		184.2
			Sinemurian		Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi		192.9
			Hettangian		Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis		199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian				201.4
			Norian				208.5
			Carnian				227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian				237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian				242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian				247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan				251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian				259.51
			Wordian				264.28
			Roadian				266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian				273.01
			Artinskian				283.5
			Sakmarian				290.1
			Asselian				293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				298.9
			Gzhelian				Xiaodushanian	300 *
			Kasimovian				Xiaodushanian	303.7
			Kasimovian				Dalaun	305.8 *
			Moscovian					307
			Bashkirian					315.2
							Huashibanian	318.5 *
							Lousuan	321.2 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Dewunian	323.2
			Serpukhovian				Shangsian	330.8 *
			Visean				Shangsian	330.9
			Visean				Jiusian	335 *
			Tournaisian				Tangbagouan	346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian					382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian					387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian					393.3
			Pragian					407.6
			Lochkovian					410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli						Ohesaare	419.2
		Pridoli						Kaugetuma	421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian					Kuressaare	423
			Ludfordian					Paadla	423.4 *
			Gorstian					Paadla	425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian					Rootsikula	427.4
			Homerian					Jaagarahu	429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian					Jaagarahu	430.5
			Sheinwoodian					Jaani	431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian					Jaani	433.4
			Telychian					Adavere	434 *
			Aeronian					Adavere	438.5
			Aeronian					Raikkula	439.4 *
			Rhuddanian					Raikkula	440.8
			Rhuddanian	Juuru				441.4 *
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					443.8
			Katian					445.2
			Sandbian					453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian					467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian					470
			Tremadocian					477.7
			Tremadocian					Mansian †	483.55 *
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Niuchehean		Taoyuanian †	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
			Stage 10			Niuchehean							Sunwaptan	487.5
			Jiangshanian			Jiangshanian								489.5
										Aksaian				490.7 *
										Sakian				492.2 *
					Steptoean								493 *
			Paibian			Paibian							494
												Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	494.7 *
								Waergangian †/Youshuanian				Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	494.9 *
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Guzhangian	Wangcunian †		Marjumian	Albertian †	Ayusokkanian			497
			Guzhangian		Guzhangian					Mayan/Menevian			499.5
			Drumian		Drumian					Mayan/Menevian			500.5
Wuliuan			Wuliuan/Taijangian			Topazan		Amgan/Solvan		504.5
Wuliuan			Wuliuan/Taijangian			Delamaran				506.5
Series 2		Stage 4	Duyunian						Waucoban †	509
								Toyonian		Lenian †	510 *
						Dyeran		Toyonian			511 *
								Botomian			512.5 *
		Stage 3	Nangaoian								514
						Montezuman					514.8 *
						Montezuman		Atdabanian			515.6 *
						Begadean		Atdabanian			519.9 *
Terreneuvian		Stage 2	Meishucunian					Tommotian			521
		Stage 2						Nemakit-Daldynian			525.5
		Fortunian								Manykaian †	529
		Fortunian	Jinnigian							Manykaian †	530.7
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran												Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian													635
		Tonian													720
		Tonian												Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian												Karatau	1000
		Stenian												Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian												Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian												Burzyan	1375
																1400