International Chronostratigraphic Timescale
The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:
- K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
- J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
- W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
- P. L. Gibbard, M. J. Head, and M. J. C. Walker. 2010. Formal ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 Ma. Journal of Quaternary Science 25(2):96-102 view
- B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show
Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.
Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.
This timescale is used in the definition of 126973 collections
International Chronostratigraphic Timescale | Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe | Devonian of France | Permian of China | Cambrian Epochs | Cenozoic Subepochs of Southern Europe | Ordovician of China | Devonian of Germany | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Quaternary | Pleistocene | Late Pleistocene | Tarantian | 0.0117 | |||||||||
Chibanian | Ionian | 0.129 | |||||||||||
Calabrian | 0.774 | ||||||||||||
Gelasian | 1.8 | ||||||||||||
Neogene | Pliocene | Piacenzian | 2.58 | ||||||||||
Zanclean | 3.6 | ||||||||||||
Miocene | Messinian | 5.333 | |||||||||||
Tortonian | 7.246 | ||||||||||||
Serravallian | 11.63 | ||||||||||||
Langhian | 13.82 | ||||||||||||
Burdigalian | 15.98 | ||||||||||||
Aquitanian | 20.44 | ||||||||||||
Paleogene | Oligocene | Chattian | 23.03 | ||||||||||
Rupelian | 27.82 | ||||||||||||
Eocene | Priabonian | 33.9 | |||||||||||
Bartonian | 37.71 | ||||||||||||
Lutetian | 41.2 | ||||||||||||
Ypresian | 47.8 | ||||||||||||
Paleocene | Thanetian | 56 | |||||||||||
Selandian | 59.2 | ||||||||||||
Danian | 61.6 | ||||||||||||
Cretaceous | Late Cretaceous | Maastrichtian | 66 | ||||||||||
Campanian | 72.1 | ||||||||||||
Santonian | 83.6 | ||||||||||||
Coniacian | 86.3 | ||||||||||||
Turonian | 89.8 | ||||||||||||
Cenomanian | 93.9 | ||||||||||||
Early Cretaceous | Albian | 100.5 | |||||||||||
Aptian | 113 | ||||||||||||
Barremian | 121.4 | ||||||||||||
Hauterivian | 125.77 | ||||||||||||
Valanginian | 132.6 | ||||||||||||
Berriasian | 139.8 | ||||||||||||
Jurassic | Late Jurassic | Tithonian | 145 | ||||||||||
Kimmeridgian | 149.2 | ||||||||||||
Oxfordian | 154.8 | ||||||||||||
Middle Jurassic | Callovian | 161.5 | |||||||||||
Bathonian | 165.3 | ||||||||||||
Bajocian | Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites | 168.2 | |||||||||||
Humphresianum | 168.4 | ||||||||||||
Aalenian | Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum | 170.9 | |||||||||||
Early Jurassic | Toarcian | Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons | Thouarsense | 174.7 | |||||||||
180.1 | |||||||||||||
Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum | 182 | ||||||||||||
Pliensbachian | Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni | 184.2 | |||||||||||
Sinemurian | Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi | 192.9 | |||||||||||
Hettangian | Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis | 199.5 | |||||||||||
Triassic | Late Triassic | Rhaetian | 201.4 | ||||||||||
Norian | 208.5 | ||||||||||||
Carnian | 227 | ||||||||||||
Middle Triassic | Ladinian | 237 | |||||||||||
Anisian | 242 | ||||||||||||
Early Triassic | Olenekian | 247.2 | |||||||||||
Induan | 251.2 | ||||||||||||
Permian | Lopingian | Changhsingian | Meishanian | 251.902 | |||||||||
Baoqingian | 253.4 * | ||||||||||||
Wuchiapingian | Laoshanian | 254.14 | |||||||||||
Laibinian | 257.7 * | ||||||||||||
Guadalupian | Capitanian | Lengwuan | 259.51 | ||||||||||
Wordian | Kuhfengian | 264.28 | |||||||||||
Roadian | 266.9 | ||||||||||||
Cisuralian | Kungurian | Luodianian | 273.01 | ||||||||||
Artinskian | 283.5 | ||||||||||||
Longlinian | 285.4 * | ||||||||||||
Sakmarian | 290.1 | ||||||||||||
Asselian | Zisongian | 293.52 | |||||||||||
Carboniferous | Pennsylvanian | Gzhelian | 298.9 | ||||||||||
300.1 | |||||||||||||
Kasimovian | 303.7 | ||||||||||||
Moscovian | 307 | ||||||||||||
Bashkirian | 315.2 | ||||||||||||
Mississippian | Serpukhovian | 323.2 | |||||||||||
Visean | 330.9 | ||||||||||||
Tournaisian | 346.7 | ||||||||||||
Devonian | Late Devonian | Famennian | Famennian | Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden | 358.9 | ||||||||
Frasnian | Frasnian | Adorf | 372.2 | ||||||||||
Middle Devonian | Givetian | Givetian | Givetian | 382.7 | |||||||||
Eifelian | Couvinien | Eifelian | 387.7 | ||||||||||
Early Devonian | Emsian | Emsian | 393.3 | ||||||||||
Pragian | Siegen | 407.6 | |||||||||||
Coblencien | 408.2 * | ||||||||||||
Lochkovian | Gedinnine | Gedinnine | 410.8 | ||||||||||
Silurian | Pridoli | 419.2 | |||||||||||
Ludlow | Ludfordian | 423 | |||||||||||
Gorstian | 425.6 | ||||||||||||
Wenlock | Homerian | 427.4 | |||||||||||
Sheinwoodian | 430.5 | ||||||||||||
Llandovery | Telychian | 433.4 | |||||||||||
Aeronian | 438.5 | ||||||||||||
Rhuddanian | 440.8 | ||||||||||||
Ordovician | Late Ordovician | Hirnantian | Hirnantian | Xiaoxita †/Shikou | Wufeng † | 443.8 | |||||||
Katian | Chientangkiangian | 445.2 | |||||||||||
Neichianshanian/Hanjiang | 449.5 | ||||||||||||
Sandbian | 453 | ||||||||||||
Middle Ordovician | Darriwilian | Darriwilian | Guniu †/Hulo | 458.4 | |||||||||
Hunjiang † | Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo | 466.3 * | |||||||||||
Dapingian | Dapingian | 467.3 | |||||||||||
Early Ordovician | Floian | Yiyangian | 470 | ||||||||||
Tremadocian | Xinchangian | 477.7 | |||||||||||
Lianghekou † | 477.9 * | ||||||||||||
Cambrian | Furongian | Stage 10 | Late Cambrian | 485.4 | |||||||||
Jiangshanian | 489.5 | ||||||||||||
Paibian | 494 | ||||||||||||
Miaolingian | Guzhangian | Middle Cambrian | 497 | ||||||||||
Drumian | 500.5 | ||||||||||||
Wuliuan | 504.5 | ||||||||||||
Series 2 | Stage 4 | Early Cambrian | 509 | ||||||||||
Stage 3 | 514 | ||||||||||||
Terreneuvian | Stage 2 | 521 | |||||||||||
Fortunian | 529 | ||||||||||||
538.8 |