PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe		Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Permian of North America		Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia
Jurassic	Middle Jurassic	Bajocian	Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites									168.2
		Bajocian		Humphresianum								168.4
		Aalenian	Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum									170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense								174.7
			Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons									180.1
			Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum									182
		Pliensbachian	Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni									184.2
		Sinemurian	Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi									192.9
		Hettangian	Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis									199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian										201.4
		Norian										208.5
		Carnian										227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian										237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian										242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian										247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan										251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian										251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian										254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				Capitanian						259.51
		Wordian				Wordian						264.28
		Roadian				Roadian						266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				Leonardian	Cathedralian					273.01
		Kungurian					Hessian					281.9 *
		Artinskian					Hessian					283.5
		Artinskian				Wolfcampian	Lenoxian					286.1 *
		Sakmarian					Lenoxian					290.1
		Asselian					Nealian					293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Mapingian †							298.9
		Kasimovian			Mapingian †							303.7
		Kasimovian										305.9
		Moscovian										307
		Bashkirian										315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian										323.2
		Visean										330.9
		Tournaisian										346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian										358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian										372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian										382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian										387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian										393.3
		Pragian										407.6
		Lochkovian										410.8
Silurian	Pridoli											419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian										423
	Ludlow	Gorstian										425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian										427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian										430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian										433.4
		Aeronian										438.5
		Rhuddanian										440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						Kosovian				443.8
		Katian						Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †			445.2
		Katian						Berounian				449.7 *
		Sandbian										453
										Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
									Liben †			458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian										458.4
								Dobrotivian				458.5 *
								Oretanian				459.7 *
									Sarka †			461.7 *
		Dapingian							Klabava †			467.3
		Dapingian						Arenigian				468
	Early Ordovician	Floian						Arenigian				470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian						Tremadocian				477.7
												485.4