PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126844 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe		Permian of North America		Silurian of the Baltic	Carboniferous of North America	Permian of the Salt Range
Jurassic	Middle Jurassic	Bajocian	Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites							168.2
		Bajocian		Humphresianum						168.4
		Aalenian	Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum							170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense						174.7
			Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons							180.1
			Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum							182
		Pliensbachian	Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni							184.2
		Sinemurian	Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi							192.9
		Hettangian	Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis							199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian								201.4
		Norian								208.5
		Carnian								227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian								237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian								242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian								247.2
		Induan								251.2
		Induan							Kathwai	251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian							Kathwai	251.902
										252.4 *
									Chhidru	252.9 *
		Wuchiapingian							Chhidru	254.14
									Kalabagh	255 *
									Wargal	256 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Capitanian					259.51
		Wordian			Wordian					264.28
										265.3 *
									Amb	266.1 *
		Roadian			Roadian				Amb	266.9
		Roadian			Roadian					270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			Leonardian	Cathedralian				273.01
		Kungurian				Hessian				281.9 *
		Artinskian				Hessian				283.5
		Artinskian			Wolfcampian	Lenoxian				286.1 *
		Sakmarian				Lenoxian				290.1
		Asselian				Nealian		Bursumian †		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						Virgilian		298.9
		Kasimovian						Missourian		303.7
		Kasimovian						Desmoinesian		305.9 *
		Moscovian						Desmoinesian		307
		Moscovian						Atokan		312.7 *
		Bashkirian						Atokan		315.2
		Bashkirian						Morrowan		318.4 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian						Chesterian		323.2
		Visean						Chesterian		330.9
								Meramecian		335.8 *
								Osagean		343.1 *
		Tournaisian						Osagean		346.7
		Tournaisian						Kinderhookian		351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian								358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian								372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian								382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian								387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian								393.3
		Pragian								407.6
		Lochkovian								410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						Ohesaare			419.2
	Pridoli						Kaugetuma			421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					Kuressaare			423
		Ludfordian					Paadla			423.4 *
		Gorstian					Paadla			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					Rootsikula			427.4
		Homerian					Jaagarahu			429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian					Jaagarahu			430.5
		Sheinwoodian					Jaani			431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian					Jaani			433.4
		Telychian					Adavere			434 *
		Aeronian					Adavere			438.5
		Aeronian					Raikkula			439.4 *
		Rhuddanian		440.8			Raikkula
		Rhuddanian		Juuru			441.4 *
										443.8