PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126778 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe		Mesozoic Subages		Permian of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian						Tertiary †			2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean									3.6
			Miocene	Messinian									5.333
				Tortonian									7.246
				Serravallian									11.63
				Langhian									13.82
				Burdigalian									15.98
				Aquitanian									20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian									23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian									27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian									33.9
				Bartonian									37.71
				Lutetian									41.2
				Ypresian									47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian									56
				Selandian									59.2
				Danian									61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian			Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian						66
				Campanian			Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian						72.1
				Santonian			Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian						83.6
				Coniacian			Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian						86.3
				Turonian			Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian						89.8
				Cenomanian			Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian						93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian			Late Albian						100.5
							Middle Albian						106.2 *
							Early Albian						109.9 *
				Aptian			Late Aptian						113
				Aptian			Early Aptian						119.5 *
				Barremian			Late Barremian/Early Barremian						121.4
				Hauterivian			Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian						125.77
				Valanginian			Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian						132.6
				Berriasian			Late Berriasian						139.8
							Middle Berriasian						140.6 *
							Early Berriasian						142.7 *
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian					145
				Tithonian			Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian					146.3 *
				Kimmeridgian			Late Kimmeridgian						149.2
				Kimmeridgian			Early Kimmeridgian						152.2 *
				Oxfordian			Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian					154.8
				Oxfordian				Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian					157.9 *
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian			Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian						161.5
				Bathonian			Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian						165.3
				Bajocian	Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites		Late Bajocian						168.2
						Humphresianum	Late Bajocian						168.4
						Humphresianum	Early Bajocian						168.6 *
				Aalenian	Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum		Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian						170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense	Late Toarcian						174.7
							Late Toarcian						180.1
							Middle Toarcian						180.4 *
					Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum		Middle Toarcian						182
					Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum		Early Toarcian						182.9 *
				Pliensbachian	Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni		Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian						184.2
				Sinemurian	Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi		Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian						192.9
				Hettangian	Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis		Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian						199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian									201.4
				Norian			Sevatian						208.5
							Alaunian						213.2 *
							Lacian						216.7 *
				Carnian			Tuvalian						227
				Carnian			Julian						233.4 *
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian			Longobardian						237
				Ladinian			Fassanian						239.7 *
				Anisian			Illyrian						242
							Pelsonian						243.8 *
Bithynian							244.7 *
Aegean							245.5 *
Early Triassic			Olenekian	Spathian			247.2
			Olenekian	Smithian			248.9 *
			Induan	Dienerian			251.2
			Induan	Griesbachian			251.4 *
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Meishanian		251.902
			Changhsingian				Baoqingian		253.4 *
			Wuchiapingian				Laoshanian		Longtanian †		Zechstein	254.14
			Wuchiapingian				Laibinian		Longtanian †		Zechstein	257.7 *
		Guadalupian	Capitanian				Lengwuan				Rotliegendes	259.51
			Wordian				Kuhfengian					264.28
			Roadian				Kuhfengian					266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian				Luodianian					273.01
			Artinskian				Luodianian				Autunian	283.5
			Artinskian				Longlinian					285.4 *
			Sakmarian				Longlinian					290.1
			Asselian				Zisongian			293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Zisongian				298.9
			Gzhelian								300.1
			Kasimovian								303.7
			Moscovian								307
			Bashkirian								315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian								323.2
			Visean								330.9
			Tournaisian								346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian								358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian								372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian								382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian								387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian								393.3
			Pragian								407.6
			Lochkovian								410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli									Ohesaare	419.2
		Pridoli									Kaugetuma	421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian								Kuressaare	423
			Ludfordian								Paadla	423.4 *
			Gorstian								Paadla	425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian								Rootsikula	427.4
			Homerian								Jaagarahu	429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian					430.5			Jaagarahu
			Sheinwoodian					Jaani			431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian					Jaani			433.4
			Telychian					Adavere			434 *
			Aeronian					Adavere			438.5
			Aeronian					Raikkula			439.4 *
			Rhuddanian					Raikkula			440.8
			Rhuddanian			Juuru		441.4 *
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					443.8
			Katian					445.2
			Sandbian					453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian					467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian					470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		485.4
			Jiangshanian		489.5
			Paibian		494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Series 3 †			497
			Drumian					500.5
			Wuliuan					Stage 5 †	504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4						509
		Series 2	Stage 3						514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2						521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian						529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran									Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian										635
		Tonian										720
		Tonian									Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian									Karatau	1000
		Stenian		Yurmatian							1100
		Ectasian		Yurmatian							1200
		Ectasian		Burzyan							1375
													1400