PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126764 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Permian of China	Cambrian Epochs	Ordovician of China			Permian of the Russian Platform
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene		Nihewanian								0.0117
		Chibanian										0.129
		Calabrian										0.774
		Gelasian										1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Yushean								2.58
		Zanclean		Yushean								3.6
		Zanclean		Baodean								4.9
	Miocene	Messinian										5.333
		Tortonian										7.246
		Tortonian		Tunggurian								11.1
		Serravallian		Tunggurian								11.63
		Langhian		Shanwangian								13.82
		Burdigalian		Shanwangian								15.98
		Burdigalian		Xiejiaan								16.9
		Aquitanian		Xiejiaan								20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian										27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian										33.9
		Bartonian										37.71
		Lutetian										41.2
		Ypresian										47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian										56
		Selandian										59.2
		Danian										61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Lancian/Edmontonian									66
		Campanian	Judithian/Aquilan									72.1
		Santonian										83.6
		Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian										89.8
		Cenomanian										93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian										100.5
		Aptian										113
		Barremian										121.4
		Hauterivian										125.77
		Valanginian										132.6
		Berriasian										139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										145
		Kimmeridgian										149.2
		Oxfordian										154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
		Bathonian										165.3
		Bajocian										168.2
		Aalenian										170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian										174.7
		Pliensbachian										184.2
		Sinemurian										192.9
		Hettangian										199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian										201.4
		Norian										208.5
		Carnian										227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian										237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian										242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian										247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan										251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Meishanian							251.902
		Changhsingian			Baoqingian							253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian			Laoshanian							254.14
					Laoshanian					Tatarian	Vyatkian	256.8 *
					Laibinian						Vyatkian	257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Lengwuan						Severodvinian	259.51
		Wordian			Kuhfengian						Urzhumian	264.28
		Roadian								Kazanian	Povolzhian	266.9
		Roadian								Kazanian	Sokian	270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			Luodianian					Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian	273.01
						Filipovian	276.5 *
						Saraninian	280.1 *
		Artinskian				Artinskian	Sarginian	283.5
					Longlinian		Sarginian	285.4 *
							Irginian	285.9 *
							Burtsevian	287.8 *
		Sakmarian				Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian	290.1
		Sakmarian				Sakmarian	Tastubian	291.7 *
		Asselian			Zisongian	Asselian	Shikhanian	293.52
							Uskalykian	294.8
							Surenian	297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						298.9
		Gzhelian						300.1
		Kasimovian						303.7
		Moscovian						307
		Bashkirian		315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		323.2
		Visean		330.9
		Tournaisian		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
		Pragian		407.6
		Lochkovian		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	423
	Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou				Wufeng †	443.8
		Katian	Chientangkiangian					Wufeng †	445.2
		Katian	Neichianshanian/Hanjiang						449.5
		Sandbian	Neichianshanian/Hanjiang						453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo					458.4
		Darriwilian	Darriwilian	Hunjiang †				Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	466.3 *
		Dapingian	Dapingian						467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Yiyangian						470
		Tremadocian	Xinchangian						477.7
		Tremadocian	Xinchangian					Lianghekou †	477.9 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Late Cambrian							485.4
		Jiangshanian								489.5
		Paibian								494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Middle Cambrian							497
		Drumian								500.5
		Wuliuan								504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Early Cambrian							509
	Series 2	Stage 3								514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2								521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian								529
												538.8