PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127681 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Devonian Subages	Cenozoic Subepochs	Devonian of France	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Central Paratethys Stages	Carboniferous of Western Europe		Carboniferous of North America
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene			Late Pleistocene							0.0117
				Chibanian			Middle Pleistocene							0.129
				Calabrian			Early Pleistocene							0.774
				Gelasian			Early Pleistocene							1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Late Pliocene							2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean			Early Pliocene							3.6
			Miocene	Messinian			Late Miocene							5.333
				Tortonian			Late Miocene			Pannonian				7.246
				Serravallian			Middle Miocene			Sarmatian				11.63
				Serravallian						Badenian				12.8 *
				Langhian										13.82
				Burdigalian			Early Miocene							15.98
				Aquitanian			Early Miocene							20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			Late Oligocene							23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian			Early Oligocene							27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian			Late Eocene							33.9
				Bartonian			Middle Eocene							37.71
				Lutetian			Middle Eocene							41.2
				Ypresian			Early Eocene							47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian			Late Paleocene							56
				Selandian			Middle Paleocene							59.2
				Danian			Early Paleocene							61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Lancian/Edmontonian									66
				Campanian	Judithian/Aquilan									72.1
				Santonian										83.6
				Coniacian										86.3
				Turonian										89.8
				Cenomanian										93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian										100.5
				Aptian										113
				Barremian										121.4
				Hauterivian										125.77
				Valanginian										132.6
				Berriasian										139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										145
				Kimmeridgian										149.2
				Oxfordian										154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
				Bathonian										165.3
				Bajocian										168.2
				Aalenian										170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian										174.7
				Pliensbachian										184.2
				Sinemurian										192.9
				Hettangian										199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian										201.4
				Norian										208.5
				Carnian										227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian										237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian										242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian										247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan										251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian										251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian										254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian										259.51
				Wordian										264.28
				Roadian										266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian										273.01
				Artinskian										283.5
				Sakmarian										290.1
				Asselian									Bursumian †	293.52
				Asselian							Kuzel		Bursumian †	297.7
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					Mapingian †		Kuzel		Virgilian	298.9
											Stephanian	Stephanian C		300.3 *
Stephanian B						300.9 *
Stephanian A						301.4 *
Stephanian A				Kasimovian		Missourian		303.7
Cantabrian						Missourian		305 *
								Desmoinesian	305.9 *
				Moscovian					307
Westphalian									Westphalian D		307.4 *
									Westphalian C		309.8
								Atokan	Westphalian C		312.7 *
									Westphalian B		314.6
				Bashkirian					Westphalian B	315.2
									Westphalian A	317 *
								Morrowan	Westphalian A	318.4 *
Namurian									Yeadonian	318.8 *
									Marsdenian	320.2 *
									Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
									Alportian	322 *
									Chokierian	323.1 *
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Chesterian	Chokierian	323.2
									Arnsbergian	324 *
									Pendleian	327.4 *
Visean				Warnantian					Brigantian †	330.9
				Warnantian			Meramecian	335.8 *	Brigantian †
				Livian				Asbian †	336.3 *
				Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian			340.2 *
				Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian		Osagean	343.1 *
Tournaisian				Ivorian			Osagean	346.7
				Ivorian			Kinderhookian	351.9 *
				Hastarian			Kinderhookian	353.7 *
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian	Late Famennian			Famennian			Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
				Middle Famennian							365.3 *
				Early Famennian							368.5 *
			Frasnian	Late Frasnian			Frasnian			Adorf	372.2
				Middle Frasnian							375.4 *
				Early Frasnian							379.3 *
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	Late Givetian			Givetian			Givetian	382.7
				Middle Givetian							383.7 *
				Early Givetian							385.9 *
			Eifelian	Late Eifelian			Couvinien			Eifelian	387.7
			Eifelian	Early Eifelian						Eifelian	390.3 *
		Early Devonian	Emsian	Late Emsian						Emsian	393.3
			Emsian	Early Emsian						Emsian	398.3 *
			Pragian	Pragian						Siegen	407.6
			Pragian	Pragian			Coblencien			Siegen	408.2 *
			Lochkovian	Late Lochkovian			Gedinnine			Gedinnine	410.8
				Middle Lochkovian							412.8 *
				Early Lochkovian							415.6 *
Silurian		Pridoli									419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
		Ludlow	Gorstian								425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian								427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian								430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian	445.2
		Sandbian	453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	485.4
		Jiangshanian	489.5
		Paibian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	497
		Drumian	500.5
		Wuliuan	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	509
	Series 2	Stage 3	514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran									Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian										635
		Tonian										720
		Tonian									Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian									Karatau	1000
		Stenian									Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian									Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian									Burzyan	1375
														1400