International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

  • K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
  • J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
  • F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
  • W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
  • D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
  • F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
  • J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
  • M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
  • F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127681 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic TimescaleCretaceous North American Land-Mammal AgesCambrian of SiberiaAmmonite Chrons of North AmericaCarbo-Permian of the Russian PlatformCarboniferous of North AmericaSilurian of EnglandCentral Paratethys StagesEuropean Faunal UnitsDevonian of Germany
NeogenePliocenePiacenzianVillanyian2.58
Ruscinian3.1 *
Zanclean3.6
MioceneMessinianTurolian5.333
TortonianPannonian7.246
Vallesian8.7
SerravallianSarmatianAstaracian11.63
Badenian12.8 *
Langhian13.82
BurdigalianOrleanian15.98
Agenian20
Aquitanian20.44
PaleogeneOligoceneChattian23.03
Rupelian27.82
EocenePriabonian33.9
Bartonian37.71
Lutetian41.2
Ypresian47.8
PaleoceneThanetian56
Selandian59.2
Danian61.6
CretaceousLate CretaceousMaastrichtianLancian/Edmontonian66
CampanianJudithian/Aquilan72.1
Santonian83.6
Coniacian86.3
Turonian89.8
Cenomanian93.9
Early CretaceousAlbian100.5
Aptian113
Barremian121.4
Hauterivian125.77
Valanginian132.6
Berriasian139.8
JurassicLate JurassicTithonian145
Kimmeridgian149.2
Oxfordian154.8
Middle JurassicCallovian161.5
Bathonian165.3
BajocianEpizigzagiceras168.2
Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense168.4
AalenianHowelli/Scissum/Westermanni170.9
Early JurassicToarcianYakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta174.7
Planulata179.3 *
Arnioceras arnouldi179.8 *
Kanense181.3 *
Carlottense182.3 *
Kunae183.5 *
Pliensbachian184.2
Freboldi185.1 *
Whiteavesi/ImlayiTetraspidoceras186.2 *
189.2 *
Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/CoronicerasCanadensis190.3 *
Sinemurian192.9
PseudaetomocerasPsiloceras196.4 *
Franziceras/Euphyllites196.5 *
Hettangian199.5
TriassicLate TriassicRhaetian201.4
Norian208.5
Carnian227
Middle TriassicLadinian237
Anisian242
Early TriassicOlenekian247.2
Induan251.2
PermianLopingianChanghsingianMelekhovian251.902
Wuchiapingian254.14
GuadalupianCapitanian259.51
Wordian264.28
Noginskian264.9 *
Roadian266.9
CisuralianKungurian273.01
Pavlovoposadian276.8 *
Artinskian283.5
Rusavkinian287.6 *
Sakmarian290.1
AsselianBursumian †293.52
CarboniferousPennsylvanianGzhelianVirgilian298.9
KasimovianDorogomilovianMissourian303.7
Khamovnikian304.8
Krevyakinian305.8 *
Desmoinesian305.9 *
MoscovianMyachkovian307
Podolskian308.9 *
Kashirian311.4 *
Atokan312.7 *
Vereian313.8
Melekessian314.8
Bashkirian315.2
Cheremshanian316.9 *
Morrowan318.4 *
Prikamian318.6 *
Severokeltmian319.9 *
Krasnopolyanian321.2 *
Voznesenian321.9 *
MississippianSerpukhovianZapaltjubianChesterian323.2
Protvian324.4 *
Steshevian326.8 *
Tarusian329 *
ViseanVenevian330.9
Mikhailovian331.9 *
Aleksinian333.7 *
TulianMeramecian335.8 *
Bobrikian339.9 *
Osagean343.1 *
Radaevkian343.4 *
TournaisianKosvian346.7
Kizelian350.7 *
CherepetianKinderhookian351.9 *
Karakubian354.4 *
Upinian356.3 *
Malevkian357.6 *
Gumerovian358 *
DevonianLate DevonianFamennianWocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden358.9
FrasnianAdorf372.2
Middle DevonianGivetianGivetian382.7
EifelianEifelian387.7
Early DevonianEmsianEmsian393.3
PragianSiegen407.6
LochkovianGedinnine410.8
SilurianPridoliRed Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton CastleWhitcliffe/Leintwardine419.2
Bringewood/Elton421.3
LudlowLudfordianCoalbrookdaleWenlock (England)/Tickwood423
Gorstian425.6
Buildwas426.4 *
WenlockHomerian427.4
WychWoolhope428.4 *
Sheinwoodian430.5
LlandoveryTelychian433.4
436.3 *
Aeronian438.5
Cowleigh Park439.3 *
Rhuddanian440.8
OrdovicianLate OrdovicianHirnantian443.8
Katian445.2
Sandbian453
Middle OrdovicianDarriwilian458.4
Dapingian467.3
Early OrdovicianFloian470
Tremadocian477.7
Mansian †483.55 *
CambrianFurongianStage 10BatyrbaianTavgian †Ketyan †/Yurakian485.4
Jiangshanian489.5
Aksaian490.7 *
Sakian492.2 *
Paibian494
Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian494.7 *
MiaolingianGuzhangianAyusokkanian497
Mayan/Menevian499.5
Drumian500.5
WuliuanAmgan/Solvan504.5
Series 2Stage 4509
ToyonianLenian †510 *
Botomian512.5 *
Stage 3514
Atdabanian515.6 *
TerreneuvianStage 2Tommotian521
Nemakit-Daldynian525.5
FortunianManykaian †529
538.8