PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127057 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia						Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Precambrian of Russia			Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Carboniferous of North America	Devonian of Germany
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian								Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian							23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian								Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian							27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian								Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian								33.9
				Bartonian								Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan								37.71
				Lutetian																41.2
				Ypresian									Bumbanian							47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian								Gashatan								56
				Selandian																59.2
				Danian																61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Lancian/Edmontonian															66
				Campanian	Judithian/Aquilan															72.1
				Santonian																83.6
				Coniacian																86.3
				Turonian																89.8
				Cenomanian																93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian																100.5
				Aptian																113
				Barremian																121.4
				Hauterivian																125.77
				Valanginian																132.6
				Berriasian																139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																145
				Kimmeridgian																149.2
				Oxfordian																154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian																161.5
				Bathonian																165.3
				Bajocian																168.2
				Aalenian																170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian																174.7
				Pliensbachian																184.2
				Sinemurian																192.9
				Hettangian																199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																201.4
				Norian																208.5
				Carnian																227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian																237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian																242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian													Vokhmian			247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan													Vokhmian			251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian																251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian													Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian			254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian													Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian			259.51
				Wordian													Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian			264.28
				Roadian													Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian			266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian																273.01
				Artinskian																283.5
				Sakmarian																290.1
				Asselian														Bursumian †		293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian														Virgilian		298.9
				Kasimovian														Missourian		303.7
				Kasimovian														Desmoinesian		305.9 *
				Moscovian														Desmoinesian		307
				Moscovian														Atokan		312.7 *
				Bashkirian														Atokan		315.2
				Bashkirian														Morrowan		318.4 *
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian														Chesterian		323.2
				Visean														Chesterian		330.9
																		Meramecian		335.8 *
																		Osagean		343.1 *
				Tournaisian														Osagean		346.7
				Tournaisian														Kinderhookian		351.9 *
		Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian															Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
			Late Devonian	Frasnian															Adorf	372.2
			Middle Devonian	Givetian															Givetian	382.7
Eifelian			Middle Devonian	Eifelian		387.7
Early Devonian			Emsian	Emsian		393.3
			Pragian	Siegen		407.6
			Lochkovian	Gedinnine		410.8
Silurian		Pridoli		Cayugan		Ohesaare		419.2
				Cayugan		Kaugetuma		421.7 *
				Niagaran		Kaugetuma		422.5 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian			Kuressaare		423
			Ludfordian			Paadla		423.4 *
			Gorstian			Paadla		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian			Lockportian		Rootsikula	427.4
			Homerian		Jaagarahu	Lockportian		429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian		Jaagarahu			430.5
			Sheinwoodian		Jaani			431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian		Jaani	Ontarian		433.4
			Telychian		Adavere			434 *
			Aeronian					438.5
								Alexandrian	438.7 *
					Raikkula				439.4 *
				Medinan		Clinton			440.1 *
									440.7 *
			Rhuddanian						440.8
			Rhuddanian		Juuru				441.4 *
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Kosovian	Harju			Porkuni		443.8
			Katian	Kralodvorian				Bohdalec †		Pirgu	445.2
				Kralodvorian						Vormsi	449.6 *
				Berounian						Vormsi	449.7 *
										Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
					Viru					Rakvere		450.6 *
										Oandu		452 *
			Sandbian							Keila	Idavere †	453
										Haljala		453.9
										Haljala		Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
										Kukruse				456.4 *
										Uhaku	Aluoja †			457.5 *
								Liben †						458 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian											458.4
				Dobrotivian										458.5 *
				Dobrotivian						Lasnamagi				458.9 *
	Oretanian			459.7 *						Lasnamagi
				Aseri						460.4 *
				Aseri				Sarka †					461.7 *
				Oeland	Kunda								462.9 *
					Kunda						Valaste †/Hunderum		464.3 *
					Volkhov								Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
			Dapingian					Klabava †						467.3
	Arenigian													468
					Billingen									469.3 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian											470
											Latorp †			470.1 *
					Hunneberg									473.7 *
	Tremadocian		Tremadocian		Hunneberg									477.7
					Varangu									481.3 *
					Pakerort									482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Pakerort									485.4
														486.3 *
														486.5
		Jiangshanian												489.5
		Paibian												494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian												497
		Drumian												500.5
		Wuliuan												504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4												509
	Series 2	Stage 3												514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2												521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian												529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran													Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian														635
		Tonian					720
		Tonian					Karatau								800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian					Karatau								1000
		Stenian					Yurmatian								1100
		Ectasian					Yurmatian								1200
		Ectasian					Burzyan								1375
																				1400