International Chronostratigraphic Timescale
The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:
- K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
- J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
- W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
- F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
- M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
- M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show
Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.
Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.
This timescale is used in the definition of 127017 collections
International Chronostratigraphic Timescale | Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages | Devonian of Czechoslovakia | European Faunal Zones | Mammal Paleogene Zones | Carboniferous of North America | Silurian of England | Central Paratethys Stages | European Faunal Units | Devonian of Germany | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Quaternary | Pleistocene | Gelasian | MN 17 | 1.8 | ||||||||||
Neogene | Pliocene | Piacenzian | MN 16 | Villanyian | 2.58 | |||||||||
Ruscinian | 3.1 * | |||||||||||||
MN 15 | 3.2 | |||||||||||||
Zanclean | 3.6 | |||||||||||||
MN 14 | 4.2 | |||||||||||||
MN 13 | 4.9 | |||||||||||||
Miocene | Messinian | Turolian | 5.333 | |||||||||||
Tortonian | MN 12 | Pannonian | 7.246 | |||||||||||
MN 11 | 7.75 | |||||||||||||
MN 10 | Vallesian | 8.7 | ||||||||||||
MN 9 | 9.7 | |||||||||||||
MN 7 + 8 | 11.1 | |||||||||||||
Serravallian | Sarmatian | Astaracian | 11.63 | |||||||||||
MN 6 | Badenian | 12.8 * | ||||||||||||
Langhian | MN 5 | 13.82 | ||||||||||||
Burdigalian | MN 4 | Orleanian | 15.98 | |||||||||||
MN 3 | 16.9 | |||||||||||||
MN 2 | Agenian | 20 | ||||||||||||
Aquitanian | 20.44 | |||||||||||||
MN 1 | 22.4 | |||||||||||||
Paleogene | Oligocene | Chattian | MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26 | MP 25 | 23.03 | |||||||||
Rupelian | MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21 | 27.82 | ||||||||||||
Eocene | Priabonian | MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A | 33.9 | |||||||||||
Bartonian | MP 16 | 37.71 | ||||||||||||
Lutetian | MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11 | 41.2 | ||||||||||||
Ypresian | MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7 | 47.8 | ||||||||||||
Paleocene | Thanetian | MP 6 | MP 1 - 5 | 56 | ||||||||||
Selandian | 59.2 | |||||||||||||
Danian | 61.6 | |||||||||||||
Cretaceous | Late Cretaceous | Maastrichtian | Lancian/Edmontonian | 66 | ||||||||||
Campanian | Judithian/Aquilan | 72.1 | ||||||||||||
Santonian | 83.6 | |||||||||||||
Coniacian | 86.3 | |||||||||||||
Turonian | 89.8 | |||||||||||||
Cenomanian | 93.9 | |||||||||||||
Early Cretaceous | Albian | 100.5 | ||||||||||||
Aptian | 113 | |||||||||||||
Barremian | 121.4 | |||||||||||||
Hauterivian | 125.77 | |||||||||||||
Valanginian | 132.6 | |||||||||||||
Berriasian | 139.8 | |||||||||||||
Jurassic | Late Jurassic | Tithonian | 145 | |||||||||||
Kimmeridgian | 149.2 | |||||||||||||
Oxfordian | 154.8 | |||||||||||||
Middle Jurassic | Callovian | 161.5 | ||||||||||||
Bathonian | 165.3 | |||||||||||||
Bajocian | 168.2 | |||||||||||||
Aalenian | 170.9 | |||||||||||||
Early Jurassic | Toarcian | 174.7 | ||||||||||||
Pliensbachian | 184.2 | |||||||||||||
Sinemurian | 192.9 | |||||||||||||
Hettangian | 199.5 | |||||||||||||
Triassic | Late Triassic | Rhaetian | 201.4 | |||||||||||
Norian | 208.5 | |||||||||||||
Carnian | 227 | |||||||||||||
Middle Triassic | Ladinian | 237 | ||||||||||||
Anisian | 242 | |||||||||||||
Early Triassic | Olenekian | 247.2 | ||||||||||||
Induan | 251.2 | |||||||||||||
Permian | Lopingian | Changhsingian | 251.902 | |||||||||||
Wuchiapingian | 254.14 | |||||||||||||
Guadalupian | Capitanian | 259.51 | ||||||||||||
Wordian | 264.28 | |||||||||||||
Roadian | 266.9 | |||||||||||||
Cisuralian | Kungurian | 273.01 | ||||||||||||
Artinskian | 283.5 | |||||||||||||
Sakmarian | 290.1 | |||||||||||||
Asselian | Bursumian † | 293.52 | ||||||||||||
Carboniferous | Pennsylvanian | Gzhelian | Virgilian | 298.9 | ||||||||||
Kasimovian | Missourian | 303.7 | ||||||||||||
Desmoinesian | 305.9 * | |||||||||||||
Moscovian | 307 | |||||||||||||
Atokan | 312.7 * | |||||||||||||
Bashkirian | 315.2 | |||||||||||||
Morrowan | 318.4 * | |||||||||||||
Mississippian | Serpukhovian | Chesterian | 323.2 | |||||||||||
Visean | 330.9 | |||||||||||||
Meramecian | 335.8 * | |||||||||||||
Osagean | 343.1 * | |||||||||||||
Tournaisian | 346.7 | |||||||||||||
Kinderhookian | 351.9 * | |||||||||||||
Devonian | Late Devonian | Famennian | Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden | 358.9 | ||||||||||
Frasnian | Adorf | 372.2 | ||||||||||||
Middle Devonian | Givetian | Srbsko | Givetian | 382.7 | ||||||||||
Eifelian | Chotec | Eifelian | 387.7 | |||||||||||
Early Devonian | Emsian | Daleje/Zlichovian | Emsian | 393.3 | ||||||||||
Pragian | Pragian | Siegen | 407.6 | |||||||||||
Lochkovian | Lochkovian | Gedinnine | 410.8 | |||||||||||
Silurian | Pridoli | Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle | Whitcliffe/Leintwardine | 419.2 | ||||||||||
Bringewood/Elton | 421.3 | |||||||||||||
Ludlow | Ludfordian | Coalbrookdale | Wenlock (England)/Tickwood | 423 | ||||||||||
Gorstian | 425.6 | |||||||||||||
Buildwas | 426.4 * | |||||||||||||
Wenlock | Homerian | 427.4 | ||||||||||||
Wych | Woolhope | 428.4 * | ||||||||||||
Sheinwoodian | 430.5 | |||||||||||||
Llandovery | Telychian | 433.4 | ||||||||||||
436.3 * | ||||||||||||||
Aeronian | 438.5 | |||||||||||||
Cowleigh Park | 439.3 * | |||||||||||||
Rhuddanian | 440.8 | |||||||||||||
443.8 |