PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127017 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Ten Million Year Bins	Central Paratethys Stages	Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Cambrian of Siberia			Silurian Ages of Europe	Devonian of Germany
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6								0
				Northgrippian									0.0042
				Greenlandian									0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									0.0117
				Chibanian									0.129
				Calabrian									0.774
				Gelasian									1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean									3.6
			Miocene	Messinian									5.333
				Tortonian		Pannonian							7.246
				Serravallian	Cenozoic 5	Sarmatian							11.63
				Serravallian		Badenian							12.8 *
				Langhian									13.82
				Burdigalian									15.98
				Aquitanian									20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4								23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian	Cenozoic 4								27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3								33.9
				Bartonian	Cenozoic 3								37.71
				Lutetian	Cenozoic 2								41.2
				Ypresian	Cenozoic 2								47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1								56
				Selandian									59.2
				Danian									61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8								66
				Campanian	Cretaceous 7								72.1
				Santonian	Cretaceous 6								83.6
				Coniacian									86.3
				Turonian									89.8
				Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5								93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4								100.5
				Aptian	Cretaceous 3								113
				Barremian	Cretaceous 2								121.4
				Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2								125.77
				Valanginian	Cretaceous 1								132.6
				Berriasian	Cretaceous 1								139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6								145
				Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5								149.2
				Oxfordian									154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian									161.5
				Bathonian	Jurassic 4								165.3
				Bajocian	Jurassic 4								168.2
				Aalenian	Jurassic 3								170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Jurassic 3								174.7
				Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2								184.2
				Sinemurian	Jurassic 1								192.9
				Hettangian	Jurassic 1								199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4								201.4
				Norian	Triassic 4								208.5
				Carnian	Triassic 3								227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2								237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2								242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1								247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1								251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4		Melekhovian						251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian									254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian									259.51
				Wordian									264.28
				Wordian			Noginskian						264.9 *
				Roadian	Permian 3								266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2								273.01
				Kungurian			Pavlovoposadian						276.8 *
				Artinskian			Pavlovoposadian						283.5
Rusavkinian				Artinskian			287.6 *
				Sakmarian			290.1
				Asselian	Permian 1		293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5		298.9
Kasimovian				Dorogomilovian			303.7
				Khamovnikian			304.8
				Krevyakinian			305.8 *
Moscovian				Carboniferous 4	Myachkovian		307
					Podolskian		308.9 *
					Kashirian		311.4 *
					Vereian		313.8
					Melekessian		314.8
Bashkirian					Melekessian		315.2
					Cheremshanian	316.9 *
					Prikamian	318.6 *
					Severokeltmian	319.9 *
					Krasnopolyanian	321.2 *
					Voznesenian	321.9 *
Mississippian			Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3	Zapaltjubian	323.2
					Protvian	324.4 *
					Steshevian	326.8 *
					Tarusian	329 *
			Visean	Carboniferous 2	Venevian	330.9
					Mikhailovian	331.9 *
					Aleksinian	333.7 *
					Tulian	335.8 *
					Bobrikian	339.9 *
					Radaevkian	343.4 *
			Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1	Kosvian	346.7
					Kizelian	350.7 *
					Cherepetian	351.9 *
					Karakubian	354.4 *
					Upinian	356.3 *
					Malevkian	357.6 *
					Gumerovian	358 *
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5		Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4		Adorf	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3		Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3		Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2		Emsian	393.3
			Pragian	Devonian 1		Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian	Devonian 1		Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli		Silurian 2			419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
		Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian				Gleedonian	427.4
			Homerian				Whitwellian	429.7 *
			Sheinwoodian					430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1				433.4
			Aeronian					438.5
			Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5				443.8
			Katian	Ordovician 5				445.2
			Sandbian	Ordovician 4				453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3				458.4
	Dapingian	Middle Ordovician	Ordovician 2	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2	470
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1	477.7
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1	Mansian †				483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5	Batyrbaian				Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
		Jiangshanian		Batyrbaian						489.5
				Aksaian						490.7 *
				Sakian						492.2 *
		Paibian								494
		Paibian							Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4	Ayusokkanian						497
		Guzhangian		Mayan/Menevian						499.5
		Drumian		Mayan/Menevian						500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3	Amgan/Solvan						504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4		Amgan/Solvan						509
				Toyonian				Lenian †		510 *
				Botomian						512.5 *
		Stage 3	Cambrian 2	Botomian						514
		Stage 3		Atdabanian						515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2		Tommotian						521
		Stage 2		Nemakit-Daldynian						525.5
		Fortunian	Cambrian 1	Nemakit-Daldynian				Manykaian †		529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran									Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian										635
		Tonian										720
		Tonian									Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian									Karatau	1000
		Stenian									Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian									Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian									Burzyan	1375
													1400