International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

  • K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
  • F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
  • F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
  • W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
  • D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
  • B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
  • J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic TimescaleTen Million Year BinsCarboniferous SubepochsCambrian of SiberiaCambrian of ChinaSilurian of the BalticOrdovician of the BalticPaleogene Mammal Ages of AsiaCambrian of North AmericaCarboniferous of North AmericaDevonian of Germany
QuaternaryHoloceneMeghalayanCenozoic 60
Northgrippian0.0042
Greenlandian0.0082
PleistoceneLate Pleistocene0.0117
Chibanian0.129
Calabrian0.774
Gelasian1.8
NeogenePliocenePiacenzian2.58
Zanclean3.6
MioceneMessinian5.333
Tortonian7.246
SerravallianCenozoic 511.63
Langhian13.82
Burdigalian15.98
Aquitanian20.44
PaleogeneOligoceneChattianCenozoic 4TabenbulakianHsandagolian23.03
RupelianKekeamuan27.82
EocenePriabonianCenozoic 3Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian33.9
BartonianSharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan37.71
LutetianCenozoic 241.2
YpresianBumbanian47.8
PaleoceneThanetianCenozoic 1Gashatan56
Selandian59.2
Danian61.6
CretaceousLate CretaceousMaastrichtianCretaceous 866
CampanianCretaceous 772.1
SantonianCretaceous 683.6
Coniacian86.3
Turonian89.8
CenomanianCretaceous 593.9
Early CretaceousAlbianCretaceous 4100.5
AptianCretaceous 3113
BarremianCretaceous 2121.4
Hauterivian125.77
ValanginianCretaceous 1132.6
Berriasian139.8
JurassicLate JurassicTithonianJurassic 6145
KimmeridgianJurassic 5149.2
Oxfordian154.8
Middle JurassicCallovian161.5
BathonianJurassic 4165.3
Bajocian168.2
AalenianJurassic 3170.9
Early JurassicToarcian174.7
PliensbachianJurassic 2184.2
SinemurianJurassic 1192.9
Hettangian199.5
TriassicLate TriassicRhaetianTriassic 4201.4
Norian208.5
CarnianTriassic 3227
Middle TriassicLadinianTriassic 2237
Anisian242
Early TriassicOlenekianTriassic 1247.2
Induan251.2
PermianLopingianChanghsingianPermian 4251.902
Wuchiapingian254.14
GuadalupianCapitanian259.51
Wordian264.28
RoadianPermian 3266.9
CisuralianKungurianPermian 2273.01
Artinskian283.5
Sakmarian290.1
AsselianPermian 1Bursumian †293.52
CarboniferousPennsylvanianGzhelianCarboniferous 5Late PennsylvanianVirgilian298.9
KasimovianMissourian303.7
Desmoinesian305.9 *
MoscovianCarboniferous 4Middle Pennsylvanian307
Atokan312.7 *
BashkirianEarly Pennsylvanian315.2
Morrowan318.4 *
MississippianSerpukhovianCarboniferous 3Late MississippianChesterian323.2
ViseanCarboniferous 2Middle Mississippian330.9
Meramecian335.8 *
Osagean343.1 *
TournaisianCarboniferous 1Early Mississippian346.7
Kinderhookian351.9 *
DevonianLate DevonianFamennianDevonian 5Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden358.9
FrasnianDevonian 4Adorf372.2
Middle DevonianGivetianDevonian 3Givetian382.7
EifelianEifelian387.7
Early DevonianEmsianDevonian 2Emsian393.3
PragianDevonian 1Siegen407.6
LochkovianGedinnine410.8
SilurianPridoliSilurian 2Ohesaare419.2
Kaugetuma421.7 *
LudlowLudfordianKuressaare423
Paadla423.4 *
Gorstian425.6
WenlockHomerianRootsikula427.4
Jaagarahu429.2 *
Sheinwoodian430.5
Jaani431.8 *
LlandoveryTelychianSilurian 1433.4
Adavere434 *
Aeronian438.5
Raikkula439.4 *
Rhuddanian440.8
Juuru441.4 *
OrdovicianLate OrdovicianHirnantianOrdovician 5HarjuPorkuni443.8
KatianPirgu445.2
Vormsi449.6 *
NabalaJohvi †450 *
ViruRakvere450.6 *
Oandu452 *
SandbianOrdovician 4KeilaIdavere †453
Haljala453.9
Kukruse456.4 *
UhakuAluoja †457.5 *
Middle OrdovicianDarriwilianOrdovician 3458.4
Lasnamagi458.9 *
Aseri460.4 *
OelandKunda462.9 *
Valaste †/Hunderum464.3 *
VolkhovLangevoja †/Vaana/Saka467.1 *
DapingianOrdovician 2467.3
Billingen469.3 *
Early OrdovicianFloian470
Latorp †470.1 *
Hunneberg473.7 *
TremadocianOrdovician 1477.7
Varangu481.3 *
Pakerort482.2 *
Mansian †483.55 *
CambrianFurongianStage 10Cambrian 5BatyrbaianTavgian †Ketyan †/YurakianNiucheheanTaoyuanian †Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan485.4
486.3 *
486.5
Sunwaptan487.5
JiangshanianJiangshanian489.5
Aksaian490.7 *
Sakian492.2 *
Steptoean493 *
PaibianPaibian494
Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian494.7 *
Waergangian †/Youshuanian494.9 *
MiaolingianGuzhangianCambrian 4AyusokkanianGuzhangianWangcunian †MarjumianAlbertian †497
Mayan/Menevian499.5
DrumianDrumian500.5
WuliuanCambrian 3Amgan/SolvanWuliuan/TaijangianTopazan504.5
Delamaran506.5
Series 2Stage 4DuyunianWaucoban †509
ToyonianLenian †510 *
Dyeran511 *
Botomian512.5 *
Stage 3Cambrian 2Nangaoian514
Montezuman514.8 *
Atdabanian515.6 *
Begadean519.9 *
TerreneuvianStage 2TommotianMeishucunian521
Nemakit-Daldynian525.5
FortunianCambrian 1Manykaian †529
Jinnigian530.7
538.8