PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126864 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Ten Million Year Bins	Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Permian Subages of Germany	Mammal Paleogene Zones		Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Permian of Western Europe
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6											0
				Northgrippian												0.0042
				Greenlandian												0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												0.0117
				Chibanian												0.129
				Calabrian												0.774
				Gelasian												1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian												2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean												3.6
			Miocene	Messinian												5.333
				Tortonian												7.246
				Serravallian	Cenozoic 5											11.63
				Langhian												13.82
				Burdigalian												15.98
				Aquitanian												20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4				MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26	MP 25						23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian	Cenozoic 4				MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21	MP 25						27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3				MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A							33.9
				Bartonian	Cenozoic 3				MP 16							37.71
				Lutetian	Cenozoic 2				MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11							41.2
				Ypresian	Cenozoic 2				MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7							47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1				MP 6	MP 1 - 5						56
				Selandian												59.2
				Danian												61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8											66
				Campanian	Cretaceous 7											72.1
				Santonian	Cretaceous 6											83.6
				Coniacian												86.3
				Turonian												89.8
				Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5											93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4											100.5
				Aptian	Cretaceous 3											113
				Barremian	Cretaceous 2											121.4
				Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2											125.77
				Valanginian	Cretaceous 1											132.6
				Berriasian	Cretaceous 1											139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6											145
				Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5											149.2
				Oxfordian												154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
				Bathonian	Jurassic 4											165.3
				Bajocian	Jurassic 4											168.2
				Aalenian	Jurassic 3											170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Jurassic 3											174.7
				Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2											184.2
				Sinemurian	Jurassic 1											192.9
				Hettangian	Jurassic 1											199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4											201.4
				Norian	Triassic 4											208.5
				Carnian	Triassic 3											227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2											237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2											242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1											247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1											251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4			Buntsandstein								251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				Buntsandstein							Zechstein	254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian				Ohre/Aller							Rotliegendes	259.51
				Wordian				Leine								264.28
				Roadian	Permian 3											266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2											273.01
				Artinskian											Autunian	283.5
				Sakmarian												290.1
				Asselian	Permian 1											293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5											298.9
Kasimovian				303.7	Carboniferous 5
Moscovian				Carboniferous 4	307
Bashkirian				Carboniferous 4	315.2
Mississippian			Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3	323.2
			Visean	Carboniferous 2	330.9
			Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1	346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5	Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4	Adorf	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3	Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3	Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2	Emsian	393.3
			Pragian	Devonian 1	Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian	Devonian 1	Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli		Silurian 2		419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
		Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1		433.4
			Aeronian			438.5
			Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5		Kosovian	443.8
			Katian			Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †		445.2
			Katian			Berounian			449.7 *
			Sandbian	Ordovician 4					453
									Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
							Liben †				458 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3							458.4
						Dobrotivian					458.5 *
						Oretanian					459.7 *
							Sarka †				461.7 *
			Dapingian	Ordovician 2			Klabava †				467.3
			Dapingian			Arenigian					468
		Early Ordovician	Floian			Arenigian					470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ordovician 1		Tremadocian					477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5							485.4
			Jiangshanian								489.5
			Paibian								494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4							497
			Drumian	Cambrian 4							500.5
			Wuliuan	Cambrian 3							504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3							509
		Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2							514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2							521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1							529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran										Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran										Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
																635