PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

This timescale is used in the definition of 126844 collections

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Ten Million Year Bins	Precambrian of Russia	Devonian of Eastern North America		North American Land Mammal Ages	Mammal Paleogene Zones
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6				Saintaugustinean			0
				Meghalayan					Santarosean			0.0004
				Northgrippian								0.0042
				Greenlandian								0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene								0.0117
				Late Pleistocene					Rancholabrean			0.014
				Chibanian					Rancholabrean			0.129
				Chibanian					Irvingtonian			0.21
				Calabrian					Irvingtonian			0.774
				Calabrian					Blancan			1.4
				Gelasian								1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian								2.58
				Zanclean								3.6
				Zanclean					Hemphillian			4.7
			Miocene	Messinian								5.333
				Tortonian								7.246
				Tortonian					Clarendonian			9.4
				Serravallian	Cenozoic 5				Clarendonian			11.63
				Serravallian					Barstovian			12.5
				Langhian								13.82
				Burdigalian								15.98
									Hemingfordian			16.3
									Arikareean			18.5
				Aquitanian								20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4					MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26	MP 25	23.03
				Rupelian						MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21		27.82
									Whitneyan			29.5
									Orellan			31.8
			Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3				Chadronian	MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A		33.9
				Priabonian					Duchesnean	MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A		37
				Bartonian					Duchesnean	MP 16		37.71
				Bartonian					Uintan	MP 16		39.7
				Lutetian	Cenozoic 2				Uintan	MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11		41.2
				Lutetian					Bridgerian	MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11		46.2
				Ypresian					Bridgerian	MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7		47.8
									Wasatchian			50.5
									Clarkforkian			54.9
			Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1				Clarkforkian	MP 6	MP 1 - 5	56
				Thanetian					Tiffanian	MP 6		56.2
				Selandian					Tiffanian			59.2
				Selandian					Torrejonian			60.9
				Danian					Torrejonian			61.6
				Danian					Puercan			63.8
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8							66
				Campanian	Cretaceous 7							72.1
				Santonian	Cretaceous 6							83.6
				Coniacian								86.3
				Turonian								89.8
				Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5							93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4							100.5
				Aptian	Cretaceous 3							113
				Barremian	Cretaceous 2							121.4
				Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2							125.77
				Valanginian	Cretaceous 1							132.6
				Berriasian	Cretaceous 1							139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6							145
				Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5							149.2
				Oxfordian								154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian								161.5
				Bathonian	Jurassic 4							165.3
				Bajocian	Jurassic 4							168.2
				Aalenian	Jurassic 3							170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Jurassic 3							174.7
				Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2							184.2
Sinemurian				Jurassic 1	192.9
Hettangian				Jurassic 1	199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4	201.4
			Norian	Triassic 4	208.5
			Carnian	Triassic 3	227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2	237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2	242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1	247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1	251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4	251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian		259.51
			Wordian		264.28
			Roadian	Permian 3	266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2	273.01
			Artinskian		283.5
			Sakmarian		290.1
			Asselian	Permian 1	293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5	298.9
			Kasimovian	Carboniferous 5	303.7
			Moscovian	Carboniferous 4	307
			Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4	315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3	323.2
			Visean	Carboniferous 2	330.9
			Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1	346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5	Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4	West Fallsian/Sonyean	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3	Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3	Southwoodian	Cazenovian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2	Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian	393.3
			Pragian	Devonian 1			407.6
			Lochkovian	Devonian 1			410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2			419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
		Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1			433.4
			Aeronian				438.5
			Rhuddanian				440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5			443.8
			Katian	Ordovician 5			445.2
			Sandbian	Ordovician 4			453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3			458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	Ordovician 2			467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2			470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ordovician 1			477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5			485.4
			Jiangshanian				489.5
			Paibian				494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4			497
			Drumian	Cambrian 4			500.5
			Wuliuan	Cambrian 3			504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3			509
		Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2			514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2			521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1			529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran						Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian							635
		Tonian							720
		Tonian						Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian						Karatau	1000
		Stenian						Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian						Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian						Burzyan	1375
												1400