International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

  • K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
  • F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
  • J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
  • A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
  • W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
  • B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic TimescaleTen Million Year BinsCambrian of West AvaloniaCretaceous North American Land-Mammal AgesCambrian of KazakhstanPermo-Triassic Subages of Eastern EuropeOrdovician of the BalticPrecambrian of RussiaSilurian Ages of EuropeDevonian of Germany
PhanerozoicCenozoicQuaternaryHoloceneMeghalayanCenozoic 60
Northgrippian0.0042
Greenlandian0.0082
PleistoceneLate Pleistocene0.0117
Chibanian0.129
Calabrian0.774
Gelasian1.8
NeogenePliocenePiacenzian2.58
Zanclean3.6
MioceneMessinian5.333
Tortonian7.246
SerravallianCenozoic 511.63
Langhian13.82
Burdigalian15.98
Aquitanian20.44
PaleogeneOligoceneChattianCenozoic 423.03
Rupelian27.82
EocenePriabonianCenozoic 333.9
Bartonian37.71
LutetianCenozoic 241.2
Ypresian47.8
PaleoceneThanetianCenozoic 156
Selandian59.2
Danian61.6
MesozoicCretaceousLate CretaceousMaastrichtianCretaceous 8Lancian/Edmontonian66
CampanianCretaceous 7Judithian/Aquilan72.1
SantonianCretaceous 683.6
Coniacian86.3
Turonian89.8
CenomanianCretaceous 593.9
Early CretaceousAlbianCretaceous 4100.5
AptianCretaceous 3113
BarremianCretaceous 2121.4
Hauterivian125.77
ValanginianCretaceous 1132.6
Berriasian139.8
JurassicLate JurassicTithonianJurassic 6145
KimmeridgianJurassic 5149.2
Oxfordian154.8
Middle JurassicCallovian161.5
BathonianJurassic 4165.3
Bajocian168.2
AalenianJurassic 3170.9
Early JurassicToarcian174.7
PliensbachianJurassic 2184.2
SinemurianJurassic 1192.9
Hettangian199.5
TriassicLate TriassicRhaetianTriassic 4201.4
Norian208.5
CarnianTriassic 3227
Middle TriassicLadinianTriassic 2237
Anisian242
Early TriassicOlenekianTriassic 1Vokhmian247.2
Induan251.2
PaleozoicPermianLopingianChanghsingianPermian 4251.902
WuchiapingianLate Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian254.14
GuadalupianCapitanianLate Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian259.51
WordianLate Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian264.28
RoadianPermian 3Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian266.9
CisuralianKungurianPermian 2273.01
Artinskian283.5
Sakmarian290.1
AsselianPermian 1293.52
CarboniferousPennsylvanianGzhelianCarboniferous 5298.9
Kasimovian303.7
MoscovianCarboniferous 4307
Bashkirian315.2
MississippianSerpukhovianCarboniferous 3323.2
ViseanCarboniferous 2330.9
TournaisianCarboniferous 1346.7
DevonianLate DevonianFamennianDevonian 5Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden358.9
FrasnianDevonian 4Adorf372.2
Middle DevonianGivetianDevonian 3Givetian382.7
EifelianEifelian387.7
Early DevonianEmsianDevonian 2Emsian393.3
PragianDevonian 1Siegen407.6
LochkovianGedinnine410.8
SilurianPridoliSilurian 2419.2
LudlowLudfordian423
Gorstian425.6
WenlockHomerianGleedonian427.4
Whitwellian429.7 *
Sheinwoodian430.5
LlandoveryTelychianSilurian 1433.4
Aeronian438.5
Rhuddanian440.8
OrdovicianLate OrdovicianHirnantianOrdovician 5HarjuPorkuni443.8
KatianPirgu445.2
Vormsi449.6 *
NabalaJohvi †450 *
ViruRakvere450.6 *
Oandu452 *
SandbianOrdovician 4KeilaIdavere †453
Haljala453.9
Kukruse456.4 *
UhakuAluoja †457.5 *
Middle OrdovicianDarriwilianOrdovician 3458.4
Lasnamagi458.9 *
Aseri460.4 *
OelandKunda462.9 *
Valaste †/Hunderum464.3 *
VolkhovLangevoja †/Vaana/Saka467.1 *
DapingianOrdovician 2467.3
Billingen469.3 *
Early OrdovicianFloian470
Latorp †470.1 *
Hunneberg473.7 *
TremadocianOrdovician 1Ungurian477.7
Varangu481.3 *
Pakerort482.2 *
CambrianFurongianStage 10Cambrian 5Batyrbaian485.4
486.3 *
486.5
Jiangshanian489.5
Aksaian490.7 *
Sakian492.2 *
Paibian494
MiaolingianGuzhangianCambrian 4Ayusokkanian497
Arcadian498.4
499.5
DrumianZhanaarykian500.5
Tuesaian503
WuliuanCambrian 3504.5
505.3
Series 2Stage 4Branchian509
Toyonian510 *
Botomian512.5 *
Stage 3Cambrian 2514
Atdabanian515.6 *
Placentian517.1
TerreneuvianStage 2Tommotian521
525.5
FortunianCambrian 1529
ProterozoicNeoproterozoicEdiacaranVendian538.8
Cryogenian635
Tonian720
Karatau800
MesoproterozoicStenian1000
Yurmatian1100
Ectasian1200
Burzyan1375
1400