PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127057 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Ten Million Year Bins	Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Cenozoic Subepochs	Precambrian of Russia	Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Permian of Western Europe	Silurian of the Baltic
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6							0
				Northgrippian								0.0042
				Greenlandian								0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene			Late Pleistocene					0.0117
				Chibanian			Middle Pleistocene					0.129
				Calabrian			Early Pleistocene					0.774
				Gelasian			Early Pleistocene					1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Late Pliocene					2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean			Early Pliocene					3.6
			Miocene	Messinian			Late Miocene					5.333
				Tortonian			Late Miocene					7.246
				Serravallian	Cenozoic 5		Middle Miocene					11.63
				Langhian			Middle Miocene					13.82
				Burdigalian			Early Miocene					15.98
				Aquitanian			Early Miocene					20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4		Late Oligocene					23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian	Cenozoic 4		Early Oligocene					27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3		Late Eocene					33.9
				Bartonian	Cenozoic 3		Middle Eocene					37.71
				Lutetian	Cenozoic 2		Middle Eocene					41.2
				Ypresian	Cenozoic 2		Early Eocene					47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1		Late Paleocene					56
				Selandian			Middle Paleocene					59.2
				Danian			Early Paleocene					61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8							66
				Campanian	Cretaceous 7							72.1
				Santonian	Cretaceous 6							83.6
				Coniacian								86.3
				Turonian								89.8
				Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5							93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4							100.5
				Aptian	Cretaceous 3							113
				Barremian	Cretaceous 2							121.4
				Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2							125.77
				Valanginian	Cretaceous 1							132.6
				Berriasian	Cretaceous 1							139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6							145
				Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5							149.2
				Oxfordian								154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian								161.5
				Bathonian	Jurassic 4							165.3
				Bajocian	Jurassic 4							168.2
				Aalenian	Jurassic 3							170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Jurassic 3							174.7
				Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2							184.2
				Sinemurian	Jurassic 1							192.9
				Hettangian	Jurassic 1							199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4							201.4
				Norian	Triassic 4							208.5
				Carnian	Triassic 3							227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2							237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2							242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1				Vokhmian			247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1				Vokhmian			251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4							251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian					Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	Zechstein		254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian					Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian	Rotliegendes		259.51
				Wordian					Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian			264.28
				Roadian	Permian 3				Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian			266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2							273.01
				Artinskian						Autunian		283.5
				Sakmarian								290.1
				Asselian	Permian 1							293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5							298.9
Kasimovian				303.7	Carboniferous 5
Moscovian				Carboniferous 4	307
Bashkirian				Carboniferous 4	315.2
Mississippian			Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3	323.2
			Visean	Carboniferous 2	330.9
			Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1	346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2	393.3
			Pragian	Devonian 1	407.6
			Lochkovian	Devonian 1	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli		Silurian 2	Ohesaare	419.2
		Pridoli			Kaugetuma	421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian		Kuressaare	423
			Ludfordian		Paadla	423.4 *
			Gorstian		Paadla	425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian		Rootsikula	427.4
			Homerian		Jaagarahu	429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian		Jaagarahu	430.5
			Sheinwoodian		Jaani	431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1	Jaani	433.4
			Telychian		Adavere	434 *
			Aeronian		Adavere	438.5
			Aeronian		Raikkula	439.4 *
			Rhuddanian		Raikkula	440.8
			Rhuddanian		Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5		443.8
			Katian	Ordovician 5		445.2
			Sandbian	Ordovician 4		453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3		458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	Ordovician 2		467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2		470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ordovician 1		Ungurian	477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5		Batyrbaian	485.4
			Jiangshanian			Batyrbaian	489.5
						Aksaian	490.7 *
						Sakian	492.2 *
			Paibian			Sakian	494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4		Ayusokkanian	497
						Ayusokkanian	Arcadian	498.4
								499.5
			Drumian			Zhanaarykian		500.5
			Drumian			Tuesaian		503
			Wuliuan	Cambrian 3		Tuesaian		504.5
			Wuliuan					505.3
		Series 2	Stage 4				Branchian	509
						Toyonian		510 *
						Botomian		512.5 *
			Stage 3	Cambrian 2		Botomian		514
						Atdabanian		515.6 *
						Atdabanian	Placentian	517.1
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2			Tommotian		521
			Stage 2			525.5
			Fortunian	Cambrian 1		529
Proterozoic		Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran					Vendian			538.8
			Cryogenian								635
			Tonian								720
			Tonian					Karatau	800
		Mesoproterozoic	Stenian					Karatau	1000
			Stenian					Yurmatian	1100
			Ectasian					Yurmatian	1200
			Ectasian					Burzyan	1375
												1400