PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127971 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Ten Million Year Bins	Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe		Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Permian of North America		Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6											0
				Northgrippian												0.0042
				Greenlandian												0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												0.0117
				Chibanian												0.129
				Calabrian												0.774
				Gelasian												1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian												2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean												3.6
			Miocene	Messinian												5.333
				Tortonian												7.246
				Serravallian	Cenozoic 5											11.63
				Langhian												13.82
				Burdigalian												15.98
				Aquitanian												20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4											23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian	Cenozoic 4											27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3											33.9
				Bartonian	Cenozoic 3											37.71
				Lutetian	Cenozoic 2											41.2
				Ypresian	Cenozoic 2											47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1											56
				Selandian												59.2
				Danian												61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8											66
				Campanian	Cretaceous 7											72.1
				Santonian	Cretaceous 6											83.6
				Coniacian												86.3
				Turonian												89.8
				Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5											93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4											100.5
				Aptian	Cretaceous 3											113
				Barremian	Cretaceous 2											121.4
				Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2											125.77
				Valanginian	Cretaceous 1											132.6
				Berriasian	Cretaceous 1											139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6											145
				Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5											149.2
				Oxfordian												154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
				Bathonian	Jurassic 4											165.3
				Bajocian			Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites									168.2
				Bajocian				Humphresianum								168.4
				Aalenian	Jurassic 3		Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum									170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian			Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense								174.7
							Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons									180.1
							Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum									182
				Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2		Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni									184.2
				Sinemurian	Jurassic 1		Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi									192.9
				Hettangian	Jurassic 1		Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis									199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4											201.4
				Norian	Triassic 4											208.5
				Carnian	Triassic 3											227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2											237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2											242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1											247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1											251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4											251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian												254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian						Capitanian						259.51
				Wordian						Wordian						264.28
				Roadian	Permian 3					Roadian						266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2					Leonardian	Cathedralian					273.01
				Kungurian							Hessian					281.9 *
Artinskian				283.5							Hessian
Artinskian				Wolfcampian		Lenoxian			286.1 *
Sakmarian						Lenoxian			290.1
Asselian					Permian 1	Nealian			293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5	Mapingian †					298.9
			Kasimovian		Mapingian †					303.7
			Kasimovian							305.9
			Moscovian	Carboniferous 4						307
			Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4						315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3						323.2
			Visean	Carboniferous 2						330.9
			Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1						346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5						358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4						372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3						382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3						387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2						393.3
			Pragian	Devonian 1						407.6
			Lochkovian	Devonian 1						410.8
Silurian		Pridoli		Silurian 2						419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
		Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1						433.4
			Aeronian							438.5
			Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5						Kosovian	443.8
			Katian							Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
			Katian							Berounian		449.7 *
			Sandbian	Ordovician 4								453
												Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
											Liben †			458 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3										458.4
										Dobrotivian				458.5 *
										Oretanian				459.7 *
											Sarka †			461.7 *
			Dapingian	Ordovician 2							Klabava †			467.3
			Dapingian							Arenigian				468
		Early Ordovician	Floian							Arenigian				470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ordovician 1						Ungurian	Tremadocian				477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5						Batyrbaian					485.4
			Jiangshanian							Batyrbaian					489.5
										Aksaian					490.7 *
										Sakian					492.2 *
			Paibian					494		Sakian
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4				Ayusokkanian		497
			Guzhangian							499.5
			Drumian					Zhanaarykian		500.5
			Drumian					Tuesaian		503
			Wuliuan	Cambrian 3			504.5	Tuesaian
			Wuliuan					505.3
		Series 2	Stage 4					509
							Toyonian	510 *
							Botomian	512.5 *
			Stage 3	Cambrian 2			Botomian	514
			Stage 3				Atdabanian	515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Tommotian				521
		Stage 2					525.5
		Fortunian		Cambrian 1			529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran								538.8
		Cryogenian								635
		Tonian								720
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian								1000
		Ectasian								1200
		Calymmian								1400
	Paleoproterozoic	Statherian								1600
		Orosirian								1800
		Rhyacian				2050
		Siderian				2300
Archean	Neoarchean				2500
	Mesoarchean				2800
	Paleoarchean				3200
	Eoarchean				3600
Hadean					4000
																4600