PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126864 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Ten Million Year Bins	Cambrian of Australia	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Cambrian of Britain		European Faunal Units	Obsolete Names for ICS Units		Neogene Mammal Ages of China
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6		Wanganui	Haweran							0
				Northgrippian											0.0042
				Greenlandian											0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										Nihewanian	0.0117
				Chibanian											0.129
				Chibanian				Castlecliffian							0.34
				Calabrian				Castlecliffian							0.774
				Calabrian				Nukumaruan							1.63
				Gelasian				Nukumaruan							1.8
				Gelasian				Mangapanian							2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Mangapanian			Villanyian	Tertiary †		Yushean	2.58
								Waipipian			Villanyian				3
											Ruscinian				3.1 *
				Zanclean											3.6
								Opoitian							3.7
								Opoitian						Baodean	4.9
			Miocene	Messinian			Taranaki	Kapitean			Turolian				5.333
				Messinian				Tongaporutuan							7.2
				Tortonian											7.246
											Vallesian				8.7
							Southland	Waiauan							11.04
														Tunggurian	11.1
				Serravallian	Cenozoic 5						Astaracian				11.63
				Serravallian				Lillburnian							13.05
				Langhian				Lillburnian						Shanwangian	13.82
								Clifdenian							15.1
							Pareora	Altonian							15.9
				Burdigalian							Orleanian				15.98
														Xiejiaan	16.9
								Otaian							18.7
											Agenian				20
				Aquitanian											20.44
				Aquitanian			Landon	Waitakian							21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4			Waitakian							23.03
								Duntroonian							25.2
								Whaingaroan							27.3
				Rupelian											27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3										33.9
							Arnold	Runangan							34.6
								Kaiatan							36.7
				Bartonian				Kaiatan							37.71
				Bartonian				Bortonian							39.1
				Lutetian	Cenozoic 2			Bortonian							41.2
							Dannevirke	Porangan							42.6
								Heretaungan							45.7
				Ypresian				Heretaungan							47.8
								Mangaorapan							48.9
								Waipawan							52
			Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1			Teurian							56
				Selandian											59.2
				Danian											61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8		Mata	Haumurian							66
				Campanian	Cretaceous 7			Haumurian							72.1
				Santonian	Cretaceous 6			Piripauan							83.6
				Santonian			Raukumara	Teratan							86.1
				Coniacian											86.3
				Turonian											89.8
								Mangaotanean							90.5
								Arowhanan							93.7
				Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5			Arowhanan							93.9
							Clarence	Ngaterian							95.2
								Motuan							99.5
			Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4			Motuan							100.5
								Urutawan							103.3
Taitai						Korangan	108.4
				Aptian	Cretaceous 3	Korangan	113
				Aptian	Cretaceous 3		117.5
				Barremian	Cretaceous 2		121.4
				Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2		125.77
				Valanginian	Cretaceous 1		132.6
				Berriasian	Cretaceous 1		139.8
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6			145
			Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5			149.2
			Oxfordian				154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian				161.5
			Bathonian	Jurassic 4			165.3
			Bajocian	Jurassic 4			168.2
			Aalenian	Jurassic 3			170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Jurassic 3			174.7
			Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2			184.2
			Sinemurian	Jurassic 1			192.9
			Hettangian	Jurassic 1			199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4			201.4
			Norian	Triassic 4			208.5
			Carnian	Triassic 3			227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2			237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2			242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1			247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1			251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4			251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				Longtanian †	254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian					259.51
			Wordian					264.28
			Roadian	Permian 3				266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2				273.01
			Artinskian					283.5
			Sakmarian					290.1
			Asselian	Permian 1				293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5				298.9
			Kasimovian	Carboniferous 5				303.7
			Moscovian	Carboniferous 4				307
			Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4				315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3				323.2
			Visean	Carboniferous 2				330.9
			Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1				346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5				Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4				Adorf	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3				Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3				Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2				Emsian	393.3
			Pragian	Devonian 1				Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian	Devonian 1				Gedinnine	410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2					419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
		Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1					433.4
			Aeronian						438.5
			Rhuddanian						440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5					443.8
			Katian	Ordovician 5					445.2
			Sandbian	Ordovician 4					453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3					458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	Ordovician 2					467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2					470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ordovician 1					477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5					Datsonian	Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	485.4
									Payntonian		Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	486.8 *
									Payntonian		Festiniogian	489.2 *
			Jiangshanian			Iverian			489.5		Festiniogian
			Jiangshanian			Iverian			Maentwrogian		493.1 *
			Paibian			Idamean			Maentwrogian		494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4		Mindyallan			St Davids		Series 3 †	497
			Guzhangian			Boomerangian						499
			Drumian		Undillan	500.5
			Drumian		Floran	503
			Wuliuan	Cambrian 3	Templetonian	Stage 5 †	504.5
			Wuliuan		Ordian	Stage 5 †	507.8 *
		Series 2	Stage 4		Ordian	Caerfai					509
			Stage 4								510.8 *
			Stage 3	Cambrian 2							514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2							521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1							529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran										Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian											635
		Tonian											720
		Tonian										Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian										Karatau	1000
		Stenian										Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian										Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian										Burzyan	1375
															1400