PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126973 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Ten Million Year Bins	Cambrian of China		Precambrian of Russia	Silurian of England		Silurian of North America			Permian of North America		Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Permian Subages of Germany	Cambrian of North America
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6																0
				Northgrippian																	0.0042
				Greenlandian																	0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene																	0.0117
				Chibanian																	0.129
				Calabrian																	0.774
				Gelasian																	1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian																	2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean																	3.6
			Miocene	Messinian																	5.333
				Tortonian																	7.246
				Serravallian	Cenozoic 5																11.63
				Langhian																	13.82
				Burdigalian																	15.98
				Aquitanian																	20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4																23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian	Cenozoic 4																27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3																33.9
				Bartonian	Cenozoic 3																37.71
				Lutetian	Cenozoic 2																41.2
				Ypresian	Cenozoic 2																47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1																56
				Selandian																	59.2
				Danian																	61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8																66
				Campanian	Cretaceous 7																72.1
				Santonian	Cretaceous 6																83.6
				Coniacian																	86.3
				Turonian																	89.8
				Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5																93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4																100.5
				Aptian	Cretaceous 3																113
				Barremian	Cretaceous 2																121.4
				Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2																125.77
				Valanginian	Cretaceous 1																132.6
				Berriasian	Cretaceous 1																139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6											Oteke	Puaroan				145
				Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5											Oteke	Puaroan				149.2
																Kawhia	Ohauan				150
																	Heterian				154.5
				Oxfordian																	154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian																	161.5
				Callovian													Temaikan				164.3
				Bathonian	Jurassic 4																165.3
				Bajocian	Jurassic 4																168.2
				Aalenian	Jurassic 3																170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian																	174.7
				Toarcian												Herangi	Ururoan				176
				Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2												Ururoan				184.2
				Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2												Aratauran				188.9
				Sinemurian	Jurassic 1																192.9
				Hettangian	Jurassic 1																199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4											Balfour	Otapirian				201.4
				Norian													Warepan				208.5
																	Otamitan				217
																	Oretian				221
				Carnian	Triassic 3												Oretian				227
				Carnian	Triassic 3											Gore	Kaihikuan				227.5
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2												Kaihikuan				237
				Ladinian													Etalian				238
				Anisian													Etalian				242
				Anisian													Malakovian				246
			Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1												Malakovian				247.2
				Olenekian													Nelsonian				249
Induan				251.2													Nelsonian
Induan				DUrville		Makarewan	251.5
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Permian 4	Makarewan	Buntsandstein	251.902
			Changhsingian			Waiitian		253.2
			Wuchiapingian			Waiitian		254.14
			Wuchiapingian			Puruhauan		254.2
		Guadalupian	Capitanian	Capitanian		Aparima	Flettian	Ohre/Aller	259.51
			Wordian	Wordian			Flettian	Leine	264.28
			Wordian	Wordian			Barettian	Leine	266
			Roadian	Permian 3	Roadian				266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2	Leonardian				Cathedralian	273.01
							Mangapirian		Cathedralian	276
									Hessian	281.9 *
			Artinskian							283.5
							Telfordian			285
					Wolfcampian		Telfordian		Lenoxian	286.1 *
										288.5
			Sakmarian							290.1
			Asselian	Permian 1					Nealian	293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5						298.9
			Kasimovian	Carboniferous 5						303.7
			Moscovian	Carboniferous 4						307
			Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4						315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3						323.2
			Visean	Carboniferous 2						330.9
			Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1						346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5						358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4						372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3						382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3						387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2						393.3
			Pragian	Devonian 1						407.6
			Lochkovian	Devonian 1						410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2						Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	Cayugan	419.2
											Bringewood/Elton	Cayugan	421.3
											Bringewood/Elton	Niagaran	422.5 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian							Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood		423
			Gorstian										425.6
			Gorstian								Buildwas		426.4 *
		Wenlock	Homerian								Buildwas		Lockportian	427.4
			Homerian							Wych	Woolhope		Lockportian	428.4 *
			Sheinwoodian											430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1									Ontarian	433.4
			Telychian											436.3 *
			Aeronian											438.5
														Alexandrian	438.7 *
										Cowleigh Park					439.3 *
												Medinan	Clinton		440.1 *
															440.7 *
			Rhuddanian												440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5											443.8
			Katian	Ordovician 5											445.2
			Sandbian	Ordovician 4											453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3											458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	Ordovician 2											467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2											470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ordovician 1											477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5											Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
			Stage 10												Niuchehean			Sunwaptan	487.5
			Jiangshanian												Jiangshanian			Sunwaptan	489.5
			Jiangshanian												Jiangshanian			Steptoean	493 *
			Paibian												Paibian				494
			Paibian												Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian			494.9 *
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4											Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	Marjumian	Albertian †	497
			Drumian	Cambrian 4											Drumian	Wangcunian †	Marjumian		500.5
			Wuliuan	Cambrian 3											Wuliuan/Taijangian		Topazan		504.5
Delamaran			Wuliuan												Wuliuan/Taijangian		506.5
Delamaran		Series 2	Stage 4												Duyunian		Waucoban †	509
Dyeran			Stage 4												Duyunian			511 *
Dyeran			Stage 3	Cambrian 2											Nangaoian			514
Montezuman																		514.8 *
Begadean																		519.9 *
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2												Meishucunian			521
			Fortunian	Cambrian 1				529							Meishucunian
			Fortunian	Cambrian 1				Jinnigian							530.7
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran															Vendian			538.8
		Cryogenian																		635
		Tonian																		720
		Tonian															Karatau			800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian															Karatau			1000
		Stenian				Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian				Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian				Burzyan	1375
																					1400