PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126831 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Ordovician of North America						Cambrian of Australia	Carboniferous Subepochs	Permian Subages of Germany	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Cambrian of North America		Carboniferous of North America	Devonian of Germany
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6																		0
		Northgrippian																			0.0042
		Greenlandian																			0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene																			0.0117
		Chibanian																			0.129
		Calabrian																			0.774
		Gelasian																			1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian																			2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean																			3.6
	Miocene	Messinian																			5.333
		Tortonian																			7.246
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5																		11.63
		Langhian																			13.82
		Burdigalian																			15.98
		Aquitanian																			20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4																		23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Cenozoic 4																		27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3																		33.9
		Bartonian	Cenozoic 3																		37.71
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2																		41.2
		Ypresian	Cenozoic 2																		47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1																		56
		Selandian																			59.2
		Danian																			61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8																		66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7																		72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6																		83.6
		Coniacian																			86.3
		Turonian																			89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5																		93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4																		100.5
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3																		113
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2																		121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2																		125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1																		132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1																		139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6																		145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5																		149.2
		Oxfordian																			154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																			161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4																		165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4																		168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3																		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Jurassic 3																		174.7
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2																		184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1																		192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1																		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4																		201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4																		208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3																		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2																		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2																		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1																		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1																		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4									Buntsandstein									251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian										Buntsandstein									254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian										Ohre/Aller									259.51
		Wordian										Leine									264.28
		Roadian	Permian 3																		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2																		273.01
		Artinskian																			283.5
		Sakmarian																			290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1																Bursumian †		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5								Late Pennsylvanian								Virgilian		298.9
		Kasimovian		Missourian	303.7
		Kasimovian		Desmoinesian	305.9 *
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4	Desmoinesian	Middle Pennsylvanian	307
		Moscovian		Atokan	Middle Pennsylvanian	312.7 *
		Bashkirian		Atokan	Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
		Bashkirian		Morrowan	Early Pennsylvanian	318.4 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3	Late Mississippian	Chesterian	323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2	Middle Mississippian	Chesterian	330.9
					Meramecian	335.8 *
					Osagean	343.1 *
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1	Early Mississippian	Osagean	346.7
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1	Early Mississippian	Kinderhookian	351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5			Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4			Adorf	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3			Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3			Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2			Emsian	393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1			Siegen	407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1			Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1				433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5				Cincinnatian	Gamachian	Kosovian	443.8
		Katian						Gamachian	Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
								Richmondian	Kralodvorian		446 *
								Richmondian	Berounian		449.7 *
								Maysvillian			Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian		449.8 *
								Edenian					450.4 *
							Mohawkian	Chatfieldian					451.1 *
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4					Chatfieldian					453
								Turinian					453.7 *
								Turinian					Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
							Whiterockian				Canadian †		Zahorany †/Vinice		Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
										Liben †						458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3													458.4
									Dobrotivian							458.5 *
									Oretanian							459.7 *
										Sarka †						461.7 *
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2							Klabava †						467.3
									Arenigian							468
								Rangerian								469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian					Ibexian	Blackhillsian							Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
		Floian						Tulean									473.9 *
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1					Tulean	Tremadocian								477.7
								Stairsian									480.3 *
								Skullrockian								Demingian †	482 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5													Datsonian		Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
																Payntonian			486.8 *
																Payntonian			Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian														Iverian			Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian														Iverian			Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian														Idamean			Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4													Mindyallan		Marjumian	Albertian †	497
		Guzhangian										Boomerangian				499
		Drumian										Undillan				500.5
		Drumian										Floran				503
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3									Templetonian				Topazan		504.5
												Templetonian				Delamaran		506.5
												Ordian						507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4										Ordian						Waucoban †	509
																			510.8 *
																Dyeran			511 *
		Stage 3	Cambrian 2													Dyeran			514
																Montezuman			514.8 *
																Begadean			519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2																	521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1																529
																					538.8