International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

  • K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
  • F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
  • M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
  • W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
  • F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
  • J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
  • D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic TimescaleTen Million Year BinsOrdovician of North AmericaDevonian of Eastern North AmericaPermian-Jurassic of New ZealandCambrian EpochsCarboniferous of ChinaCambrian of North AmericaCambrian of SiberiaCretaceous Subepochs
QuaternaryHoloceneMeghalayanCenozoic 60
Northgrippian0.0042
Greenlandian0.0082
PleistoceneLate Pleistocene0.0117
Chibanian0.129
Calabrian0.774
Gelasian1.8
NeogenePliocenePiacenzian2.58
Zanclean3.6
MioceneMessinian5.333
Tortonian7.246
SerravallianCenozoic 511.63
Langhian13.82
Burdigalian15.98
Aquitanian20.44
PaleogeneOligoceneChattianCenozoic 423.03
Rupelian27.82
EocenePriabonianCenozoic 333.9
Bartonian37.71
LutetianCenozoic 241.2
Ypresian47.8
PaleoceneThanetianCenozoic 156
Selandian59.2
Danian61.6
CretaceousLate CretaceousMaastrichtianCretaceous 8Senonian66
CampanianCretaceous 772.1
SantonianCretaceous 683.6
Coniacian86.3
Turonian89.8
CenomanianCretaceous 593.9
Early CretaceousAlbianCretaceous 4Gallic100.5
AptianCretaceous 3113
BarremianCretaceous 2121.4
HauterivianNeocomian125.77
ValanginianCretaceous 1132.6
Berriasian139.8
JurassicLate JurassicTithonianJurassic 6OtekePuaroan145
KimmeridgianJurassic 5149.2
KawhiaOhauan150
Heterian154.5
Oxfordian154.8
Middle JurassicCallovian161.5
Temaikan164.3
BathonianJurassic 4165.3
Bajocian168.2
AalenianJurassic 3170.9
Early JurassicToarcian174.7
HerangiUruroan176
PliensbachianJurassic 2184.2
Aratauran188.9
SinemurianJurassic 1192.9
Hettangian199.5
TriassicLate TriassicRhaetianTriassic 4BalfourOtapirian201.4
NorianWarepan208.5
Otamitan217
Oretian221
CarnianTriassic 3227
GoreKaihikuan227.5
Middle TriassicLadinianTriassic 2237
Etalian238
Anisian242
Malakovian246
Early TriassicOlenekianTriassic 1247.2
Nelsonian249
Induan251.2
DUrvilleMakarewan251.5
PermianLopingianChanghsingianPermian 4251.902
Waiitian253.2
Wuchiapingian254.14
Puruhauan254.2
GuadalupianCapitanianAparimaFlettian259.51
Wordian264.28
Barettian266
RoadianPermian 3266.9
CisuralianKungurianPermian 2273.01
Mangapirian276
Artinskian283.5
Telfordian285
288.5
Sakmarian290.1
AsselianPermian 1293.52
CarboniferousPennsylvanianGzhelianCarboniferous 5298.9
Xiaodushanian300 *
Kasimovian303.7
Dalaun305.8 *
MoscovianCarboniferous 4307
Bashkirian315.2
Huashibanian318.5 *
Lousuan321.2 *
MississippianSerpukhovianCarboniferous 3Dewunian323.2
Shangsian330.8 *
ViseanCarboniferous 2330.9
Jiusian335 *
TournaisianCarboniferous 1Tangbagouan346.7
DevonianLate DevonianFamennianDevonian 5Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway358.9
FrasnianDevonian 4West Fallsian/Sonyean372.2
Middle DevonianGivetianDevonian 3Geneseean/Taghanican/TioughnioganCazenovian382.7
EifelianSouthwoodian387.7
Early DevonianEmsianDevonian 2Sawkillian/Deer ParkianHelderbergian393.3
PragianDevonian 1407.6
Lochkovian410.8
SilurianPridoliSilurian 2419.2
LudlowLudfordian423
Gorstian425.6
WenlockHomerian427.4
Sheinwoodian430.5
LlandoveryTelychianSilurian 1433.4
Aeronian438.5
Rhuddanian440.8
OrdovicianLate OrdovicianHirnantianOrdovician 5CincinnatianGamachian443.8
Katian445.2
Richmondian446 *
MaysvillianRocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian449.8 *
Edenian450.4 *
MohawkianChatfieldian451.1 *
SandbianOrdovician 4453
Turinian453.7 *
WhiterockianCanadian †Chazyan †/Marmor457 *
Middle OrdovicianDarriwilianOrdovician 3458.4
DapingianOrdovician 2467.3
Rangerian469.1 *
Early OrdovicianFloianIbexianBlackhillsianJeffersonian †Cassinian †470
Tulean473.9 *
TremadocianOrdovician 1477.7
Stairsian480.3 *
SkullrockianDemingian †482 *
Mansian †483.55 *
CambrianFurongianStage 10Cambrian 5Late CambrianFranconian †/Dresbachian/MillardanBatyrbaianTavgian †Ketyan †/Yurakian485.4
Sunwaptan487.5
Jiangshanian489.5
Aksaian490.7 *
Sakian492.2 *
Steptoean493 *
Paibian494
Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian494.7 *
MiaolingianGuzhangianCambrian 4Middle CambrianMarjumianAlbertian †Ayusokkanian497
Mayan/Menevian499.5
Drumian500.5
WuliuanCambrian 3TopazanAmgan/Solvan504.5
Delamaran506.5
Series 2Stage 4Early CambrianWaucoban †509
ToyonianLenian †510 *
Dyeran511 *
Botomian512.5 *
Stage 3Cambrian 2514
Montezuman514.8 *
Atdabanian515.6 *
Begadean519.9 *
TerreneuvianStage 2Tommotian521
Nemakit-Daldynian525.5
FortunianCambrian 1Manykaian †529
538.8