PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Ten Million Year Bins	Ordovician of Australia	Cambrian of China		Precambrian of Russia	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia			Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Permian of the Russian Platform
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6											0
				Northgrippian												0.0042
				Greenlandian												0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												0.0117
				Chibanian												0.129
				Calabrian												0.774
				Gelasian												1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian												2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean												3.6
			Miocene	Messinian												5.333
				Tortonian												7.246
				Serravallian	Cenozoic 5											11.63
				Langhian												13.82
				Burdigalian												15.98
				Aquitanian												20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4											23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian	Cenozoic 4											27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3											33.9
				Bartonian	Cenozoic 3											37.71
				Lutetian	Cenozoic 2											41.2
				Ypresian	Cenozoic 2											47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1											56
				Selandian												59.2
				Danian												61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8											66
				Campanian	Cretaceous 7											72.1
				Santonian	Cretaceous 6											83.6
				Coniacian												86.3
				Turonian												89.8
				Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5											93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4											100.5
				Aptian	Cretaceous 3											113
				Barremian	Cretaceous 2											121.4
				Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2											125.77
				Valanginian	Cretaceous 1											132.6
				Berriasian	Cretaceous 1											139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6											145
				Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5											149.2
				Oxfordian												154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
				Bathonian	Jurassic 4											165.3
				Bajocian	Jurassic 4											168.2
				Aalenian	Jurassic 3											170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Jurassic 3											174.7
				Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2											184.2
				Sinemurian	Jurassic 1											192.9
				Hettangian	Jurassic 1											199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4											201.4
				Norian	Triassic 4											208.5
				Carnian	Triassic 3											227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2											237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2											242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1											247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1											251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4								Melekhovian			251.902
				Wuchiapingian												254.14
				Wuchiapingian										Tatarian	Vyatkian	256.8 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian											Severodvinian	259.51
				Wordian											Urzhumian	264.28
				Wordian									Noginskian		Urzhumian	264.9 *
				Roadian	Permian 3									Kazanian	Povolzhian	266.9
				Roadian	Permian 3									Kazanian	Sokian	270.7 *
			Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2									Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian	273.01
															Filipovian	276.5 *
Pavlovoposadian						276.8 *									Filipovian
						Saraninian	280.1 *
				Artinskian		Artinskian	Sarginian	283.5
							Irginian	285.9 *
Rusavkinian							Irginian	287.6 *
							Burtsevian	287.8 *
				Sakmarian		Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian	290.1
				Sakmarian		Sakmarian	Tastubian	291.7 *
				Asselian	Permian 1	Asselian	Shikhanian	293.52
							Uskalykian	294.8
							Surenian	297.5
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5			298.9
Kasimovian				Dorogomilovian				303.7
				Khamovnikian				304.8
				Krevyakinian				305.8 *
Moscovian				Carboniferous 4	Myachkovian			307
					Podolskian			308.9 *
					Kashirian			311.4 *
					Vereian			313.8
					Melekessian			314.8
Bashkirian					Melekessian			315.2
					Cheremshanian			316.9 *
					Prikamian			318.6 *
					Severokeltmian			319.9 *
					Krasnopolyanian			321.2 *
					Voznesenian			321.9 *
Mississippian			Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3	Zapaltjubian			323.2
					Protvian			324.4 *
					Steshevian			326.8 *
					Tarusian			329 *
			Visean	Carboniferous 2	Venevian			330.9
					Mikhailovian			331.9 *
					Aleksinian			333.7 *
					Tulian			335.8 *
					Bobrikian			339.9 *
					Radaevkian			343.4 *
			Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1	Kosvian			346.7
					Kizelian			350.7 *
					Cherepetian			351.9 *
					Karakubian			354.4 *
					Upinian			356.3 *
					Malevkian			357.6 *
					Gumerovian			358 *
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5				358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4				372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3				382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3				387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2				393.3
			Pragian	Devonian 1				407.6
			Lochkovian	Devonian 1				410.8
Silurian		Pridoli		Silurian 2				419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
		Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
	Sheinwoodian	Wenlock	430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1	433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5	Bolindian				Kosovian	443.8
		Katian		Bolindian				Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
				Eastonian				Kralodvorian		449 *
				Eastonian				Berounian		449.7 *
				Gisbornian						452 *
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4							453
										Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
									Liben †			458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3	Darriwilian								458.4
								Dobrotivian				458.5 *
								Oretanian				459.7 *
									Sarka †			461.7 *
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2	Yapeenian					Klabava †			467.3
				Yapeenian				Arenigian				468
				Castlemainian								468.5 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian		Chewtonian								470
				Bendigonian								471.8 *
				Lancefieldian		473.5 *
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1	Lancefieldian		Tremadocian		477.7
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1	Warendian		Tremadocian		482.8 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5			Niuchehean		Taoyuanian †				485.4
		Jiangshanian				Jiangshanian						489.5
		Paibian				Paibian						494
		Paibian				Paibian		Waergangian †/Youshuanian				494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4			Guzhangian		Wangcunian †				497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4			Drumian		Wangcunian †				500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3			Wuliuan/Taijangian						504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3			Duyunian						509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2			Nangaoian						514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2			Meishucunian						521
		Fortunian	Cambrian 1			Meishucunian						529
		Fortunian	Cambrian 1			Jinnigian						530.7
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian												635
		Tonian												720
		Tonian											Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian											Karatau	1000
		Stenian											Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian											Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian											Burzyan	1375
																1400