PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126831 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Ten Million Year Bins	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Permian of Western Europe	Permian Subages of Germany	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Permian of the Pamirs	Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6																0
				Northgrippian																	0.0042
				Greenlandian																	0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene													Nihewanian				0.0117
				Chibanian																	0.129
				Calabrian																	0.774
				Gelasian																	1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian													Yushean	Tertiary †			2.58
				Zanclean													Yushean				3.6
				Zanclean													Baodean				4.9
			Miocene	Messinian																	5.333
				Tortonian																	7.246
				Tortonian													Tunggurian				11.1
				Serravallian	Cenozoic 5												Tunggurian				11.63
				Langhian													Shanwangian				13.82
				Burdigalian													Shanwangian				15.98
				Burdigalian													Xiejiaan				16.9
				Aquitanian													Xiejiaan				20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4																23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian	Cenozoic 4																27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3																33.9
				Bartonian	Cenozoic 3																37.71
				Lutetian	Cenozoic 2																41.2
				Ypresian	Cenozoic 2																47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1																56
				Selandian																	59.2
				Danian																	61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8																66
				Campanian	Cretaceous 7																72.1
				Santonian	Cretaceous 6																83.6
				Coniacian																	86.3
				Turonian																	89.8
				Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5																93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4																100.5
				Aptian	Cretaceous 3																113
				Barremian	Cretaceous 2																121.4
				Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2																125.77
				Valanginian	Cretaceous 1																132.6
				Berriasian	Cretaceous 1																139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6							Oteke	Puaroan								145
				Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5							Oteke	Puaroan								149.2
												Kawhia	Ohauan								150
													Heterian								154.5
				Oxfordian																	154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian																	161.5
				Callovian									Temaikan								164.3
				Bathonian	Jurassic 4																165.3
				Bajocian	Jurassic 4																168.2
				Aalenian	Jurassic 3																170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian																	174.7
				Toarcian								Herangi	Ururoan								176
				Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2								Ururoan								184.2
				Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2								Aratauran								188.9
				Sinemurian	Jurassic 1																192.9
				Hettangian	Jurassic 1																199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4							Balfour	Otapirian								201.4
				Norian									Warepan								208.5
													Otamitan								217
													Oretian								221
				Carnian	Triassic 3								Oretian								227
				Carnian	Triassic 3							Gore	Kaihikuan								227.5
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2								Kaihikuan								237
				Ladinian									Etalian								238
				Anisian									Etalian								242
Malakovian				Anisian		246
Malakovian			Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1	247.2
Nelsonian				Olenekian		249
Nelsonian				Induan		251.2
DUrville				Induan		Makarewan	251.5
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4	Makarewan	Buntsandstein	Dorashamian	251.902
				Changhsingian		Waiitian		Dorashamian	253.2
				Wuchiapingian		Waiitian		Zechstein	Dzhulfian	Longtanian †	254.14
				Wuchiapingian		Puruhauan		Zechstein	Dzhulfian	Longtanian †	254.2
Guadalupian			Capitanian	Rotliegendes		Ohre/Aller	Aparima	Flettian	Midian		259.51
			Wordian			Leine		Flettian			264.28
								Barettian			266
									Murgabian		266.2 *
			Roadian		Permian 3				Murgabian		266.9
Cisuralian			Kungurian		Permian 2				Kubergandian		273.01
								Mangapirian	Kubergandian		276
									Bolorian		279.8
			Artinskian	Autunian							283.5
								Telfordian			285
								Telfordian	Yakhtashian		286
									Yakhtashian		288.5
			Sakmarian						Sakmarian		290.1
			Asselian		Permian 1				Asselian		293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5							298.9
			Kasimovian	Carboniferous 5							303.7
			Moscovian	Carboniferous 4							307
			Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4							315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3							323.2
			Visean	Carboniferous 2							330.9
			Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1							346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5							358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4							372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3							382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3							387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2							393.3
			Pragian	Devonian 1							407.6
			Lochkovian	Devonian 1							410.8
Silurian		Pridoli		Silurian 2							Ohesaare	419.2
		Pridoli									Kaugetuma	421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian								Kuressaare	423
			Ludfordian								Paadla	423.4 *
			Gorstian								Paadla	425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian								Rootsikula	427.4
			Homerian								Jaagarahu	429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian								Jaagarahu	430.5
			Sheinwoodian								Jaani	431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1							Jaani	433.4
			Telychian								Adavere	434 *
			Aeronian								Adavere	438.5
			Aeronian								Raikkula	439.4 *
			Rhuddanian								Raikkula	440.8
			Rhuddanian								Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5							Kosovian		443.8
			Katian								Kralodvorian		Bohdalec †	445.2
			Katian								Berounian			449.7 *
			Sandbian	Ordovician 4										453
														Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
													Liben †			458 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3												458.4
											Dobrotivian					458.5 *
											Oretanian					459.7 *
													Sarka †			461.7 *
			Dapingian	Ordovician 2									Klabava †			467.3
			Dapingian								Arenigian					468
		Early Ordovician	Floian								Arenigian					470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ordovician 1							Tremadocian					477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5												485.4
			Jiangshanian													489.5
			Paibian													494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4	Series 3 †												497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4													500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3							Stage 5 †						504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3													509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2													514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2													521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1													529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran																Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran				Wonokan †												Vendian †	571.7 *
																					635