PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127057 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Cretaceous Subepochs	Permian of Western Europe	Permian of the Russian Platform		Devonian of France	Cenozoic Subepochs	Ordovician of North America
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6														0
		Northgrippian															0.0042
		Greenlandian															0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene								Late Pleistocene							0.0117
		Chibanian								Middle Pleistocene							0.129
		Calabrian								Early Pleistocene							0.774
		Gelasian								Early Pleistocene							1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian								Late Pliocene							2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean								Early Pliocene							3.6
	Miocene	Messinian								Late Miocene							5.333
		Tortonian								Late Miocene							7.246
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5							Middle Miocene							11.63
		Langhian								Middle Miocene							13.82
		Burdigalian								Early Miocene							15.98
		Aquitanian								Early Miocene							20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4							Late Oligocene							23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Cenozoic 4							Early Oligocene							27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3							Late Eocene							33.9
		Bartonian	Cenozoic 3							Middle Eocene							37.71
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2							Middle Eocene							41.2
		Ypresian	Cenozoic 2							Early Eocene							47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1							Late Paleocene							56
		Selandian								Middle Paleocene							59.2
		Danian								Early Paleocene							61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8		Senonian												66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7														72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6														83.6
		Coniacian															86.3
		Turonian															89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5														93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4		Gallic												100.5
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3														113
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2														121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2		Neocomian												125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1														132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1														139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6														145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5														149.2
		Oxfordian															154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4														165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4														168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3														170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Jurassic 3														174.7
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2														184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1														192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1														199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4														201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4														208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3														227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2														237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2														242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1														247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1														251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4														251.902
		Wuchiapingian				Zechstein											254.14
		Wuchiapingian				Zechstein	Tatarian	Vyatkian									256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				Rotliegendes		Severodvinian									259.51
		Wordian						Urzhumian									264.28
		Roadian	Permian 3				Kazanian	Povolzhian									266.9
		Roadian	Permian 3				Kazanian	Sokian									270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2				Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian									273.01
								Filipovian									276.5 *
								Saraninian									280.1 *
		Artinskian		Autunian		Artinskian	Sarginian	283.5
							Irginian	285.9 *
							Burtsevian	287.8 *
		Sakmarian				Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian	290.1
		Sakmarian				Sakmarian	Tastubian	291.7 *
		Asselian	Permian 1			Asselian	Shikhanian	293.52
							Uskalykian	294.8
							Surenian	297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5					298.9
		Kasimovian	Carboniferous 5					303.7
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4					307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4					315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3					323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2					330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1					346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5					Famennian	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4					Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3					Srbsko	Givetian		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3					Chotec	Couvinien		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2					Daleje/Zlichovian			393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1					Pragian			407.6
		Pragian						Pragian	Coblencien		408.2 *
		Lochkovian						Lochkovian	Gedinnine		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2								419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
	Ludlow	Gorstian								425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian								427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian								430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1							433.4
		Aeronian								438.5
		Rhuddanian								440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5							Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
		Katian									Gamachian	445.2
											Richmondian	446 *
											Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
											Edenian		450.4 *
					Mohawkian					Chatfieldian	451.1 *
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4							Chatfieldian	453
										Turinian	453.7 *
					Whiterockian						Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3										458.4
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2										467.3
		Dapingian								Rangerian			469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Ibexian					Blackhillsian		Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
		Floian								Tulean				473.9 *
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1							Tulean				477.7
										Stairsian				480.3 *
										Skullrockian			Demingian †	482 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5							Skullrockian				Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
		Stage 10													Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian													Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian													Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian													Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4											Marjumian	Albertian †	497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4											Marjumian		500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3											Topazan		504.5
		Wuliuan												Delamaran		506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4												Delamaran	Waucoban †	509
		Stage 4												Dyeran		511 *
		Stage 3	Cambrian 2											Dyeran		514
														Montezuman		514.8 *
														Begadean		519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2														521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1													529
																	538.8