PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126864 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Ten Million Year Bins	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Devonian Subages	Ordovician of the Baltic				Permian Subages of Germany	Precambrian of Russia	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Permian of the Salt Range
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6												0
				Northgrippian													0.0042
				Greenlandian													0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene													0.0117
				Chibanian													0.129
				Calabrian													0.774
				Gelasian													1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian													2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean													3.6
			Miocene	Messinian													5.333
				Tortonian													7.246
				Serravallian	Cenozoic 5												11.63
				Langhian													13.82
				Burdigalian													15.98
				Aquitanian													20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4									Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian		23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian	Cenozoic 4									Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian		27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3									Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian			33.9
				Bartonian	Cenozoic 3									Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan			37.71
				Lutetian	Cenozoic 2												41.2
				Ypresian	Cenozoic 2										Bumbanian		47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1									Gashatan			56
				Selandian													59.2
				Danian													61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8												66
				Campanian	Cretaceous 7												72.1
				Santonian	Cretaceous 6												83.6
				Coniacian													86.3
				Turonian													89.8
				Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5												93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4												100.5
				Aptian	Cretaceous 3												113
				Barremian	Cretaceous 2												121.4
				Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2												125.77
				Valanginian	Cretaceous 1												132.6
				Berriasian	Cretaceous 1												139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6												145
				Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5												149.2
				Oxfordian													154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
				Bathonian	Jurassic 4												165.3
				Bajocian	Jurassic 4												168.2
				Aalenian	Jurassic 3												170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Jurassic 3												174.7
				Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2												184.2
				Sinemurian	Jurassic 1												192.9
				Hettangian	Jurassic 1												199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4												201.4
				Norian	Triassic 4												208.5
				Carnian	Triassic 3												227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2												237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2												242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1												247.2
				Induan													251.2
				Induan												Kathwai	251.5 *
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4							Buntsandstein				Kathwai	251.902
																	252.4 *
																Chhidru	252.9 *
				Wuchiapingian												Chhidru	254.14
																Kalabagh	255 *
																Wargal	256 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian								Ohre/Aller					259.51
				Wordian								Leine					264.28
																	265.3 *
Amb						266.1 *
Amb				Roadian	Permian 3		266.9
				Roadian	Permian 3		270.7 *
			Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2		273.01
				Artinskian			283.5
				Sakmarian			290.1
				Asselian	Permian 1		Bursumian †	293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5		Mapingian †	Virgilian	298.9
				Kasimovian			Mapingian †	Missourian	303.7
				Kasimovian				Desmoinesian	305.9 *
				Moscovian	Carboniferous 4			Desmoinesian	307
				Moscovian				Atokan	312.7 *
				Bashkirian				Atokan	315.2
				Bashkirian				Morrowan	318.4 *
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3			Chesterian	323.2
				Visean	Carboniferous 2			Chesterian	330.9
								Meramecian	335.8 *
								Osagean	343.1 *
				Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1			Osagean	346.7
				Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1			Kinderhookian	351.9 *
		Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5			Late Famennian		358.9
								Middle Famennian		365.3 *
								Early Famennian		368.5 *
				Frasnian	Devonian 4			Late Frasnian		372.2
								Middle Frasnian		375.4 *
								Early Frasnian		379.3 *
			Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3			Late Givetian		382.7
								Middle Givetian		383.7 *
								Early Givetian		385.9 *
				Eifelian				Late Eifelian		387.7
				Eifelian				Early Eifelian		390.3 *
			Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2			Late Emsian		393.3
				Emsian	Devonian 2			Early Emsian		398.3 *
				Pragian	Devonian 1			Pragian		407.6
				Lochkovian				Late Lochkovian		410.8
								Middle Lochkovian		412.8 *
								Early Lochkovian		415.6 *
		Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2					Ohesaare	419.2
			Pridoli							Kaugetuma	421.7 *
			Ludlow	Ludfordian						Kuressaare	423
				Ludfordian						Paadla	423.4 *
				Gorstian						Paadla	425.6
			Wenlock	Homerian						Rootsikula	427.4
				Homerian						Jaagarahu	429.2 *
				Sheinwoodian						Jaagarahu	430.5
				Sheinwoodian						Jaani	431.8 *
			Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1					Jaani	433.4
				Telychian						Adavere	434 *
				Aeronian						Adavere	438.5
				Aeronian						Raikkula	439.4 *
				Rhuddanian						Raikkula	440.8
				Rhuddanian						Juuru	441.4 *
		Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5					Harju	Porkuni		443.8
				Katian							Pirgu		445.2
											Vormsi		449.6 *
	Nabala										Johvi †		450 *
	Viru									Rakvere			450.6 *
										Oandu			452 *
				Sandbian	Ordovician 4					Keila	Idavere †		453
										Haljala			453.9
										Kukruse			456.4 *
										Uhaku	Aluoja †		457.5 *
			Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3					Uhaku			458.4
										Lasnamagi			458.9 *
										Aseri			460.4 *
	Oeland					Kunda				462.9 *
Valaste †/Hunderum						Kunda				464.3 *
						Volkhov				Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
				Dapingian	Ordovician 2	Volkhov					467.3
				Dapingian		Billingen					469.3 *
			Early Ordovician	Floian							470
Latorp †											470.1 *
						Hunneberg					473.7 *
				Tremadocian	Ordovician 1	Hunneberg	477.7
						Varangu	481.3 *
						Pakerort	482.2 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5		Pakerort	485.4
							486.3 *
							486.5
			Jiangshanian				489.5
			Paibian				494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4			497
			Drumian	Cambrian 4			500.5
			Wuliuan	Cambrian 3			504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3			509
		Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2			514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2			521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1			529
Proterozoic		Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran								Vendian		538.8
			Cryogenian										635
			Tonian										720
			Tonian								Karatau		800
		Mesoproterozoic	Stenian								Karatau		1000
			Stenian								Yurmatian		1100
			Ectasian								Yurmatian		1200
			Ectasian								Burzyan		1375
																	1400