PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126844 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Carboniferous of Western Europe	Cambrian of North America		Cambrian Epochs	Cenozoic Subepochs	Permian of Western Europe	Devonian of Germany
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6								0
		Northgrippian									0.0042
		Greenlandian									0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene						Late Pleistocene			0.0117
		Chibanian						Middle Pleistocene			0.129
		Calabrian						Early Pleistocene			0.774
		Gelasian						Early Pleistocene			1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian						Late Pliocene			2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean						Early Pliocene			3.6
	Miocene	Messinian						Late Miocene			5.333
		Tortonian						Late Miocene			7.246
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5					Middle Miocene			11.63
		Langhian						Middle Miocene			13.82
		Burdigalian						Early Miocene			15.98
		Aquitanian						Early Miocene			20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4					Late Oligocene			23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Cenozoic 4					Early Oligocene			27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3					Late Eocene			33.9
		Bartonian	Cenozoic 3					Middle Eocene			37.71
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2					Middle Eocene			41.2
		Ypresian	Cenozoic 2					Early Eocene			47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1					Late Paleocene			56
		Selandian						Middle Paleocene			59.2
		Danian						Early Paleocene			61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8								66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7								72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6								83.6
		Coniacian									86.3
		Turonian									89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5								93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4								100.5
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3								113
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2								121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2								125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1								132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1								139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6								145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5								149.2
		Oxfordian									154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian									161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4								165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4								168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3								170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Jurassic 3								174.7
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2								184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1								192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1								199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4								201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4								208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3								227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2								237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2								242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1								247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1								251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4								251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian							Zechstein		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian							Rotliegendes		259.51
		Wordian									264.28
		Roadian	Permian 3								266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2								273.01
		Artinskian							Autunian		283.5
		Sakmarian									290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1								293.52
		Asselian	Permian 1	Kuzel							297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5	Kuzel	298.9
				Stephanian	Stephanian C	300.3 *
					Stephanian B	300.9 *
					Stephanian A	301.4 *
		Kasimovian			Stephanian A	303.7
		Kasimovian			Cantabrian	305 *
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4		Cantabrian	307
				Westphalian	Westphalian D	307.4 *
					Westphalian C	309.8
					Westphalian B	314.6
		Bashkirian			Westphalian B	315.2
					Westphalian A	317 *
				Namurian	Yeadonian	318.8 *
					Marsdenian	320.2 *
					Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
					Alportian	322 *
					Chokierian	323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3		Chokierian	323.2
					Arnsbergian	324 *
					Pendleian	327.4 *
		Visean	Carboniferous 2	Warnantian	Brigantian †	330.9
				Livian	Asbian †	336.3 *
				Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	340.2 *
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1	Ivorian		346.7
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1	Hastarian		353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5			Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4			Adorf	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3			Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3			Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2			Emsian	393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1			Siegen	407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1			Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1				433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5				443.8
		Katian	Ordovician 5				445.2
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4				453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3				458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	Ordovician 2				467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2				470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ordovician 1				477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5				Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	Late Cambrian	485.4
		Stage 10							Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian							Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian							Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian							Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4				Marjumian	Albertian †	Middle Cambrian	497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4				Marjumian			500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3				Topazan			504.5
		Wuliuan					Delamaran			506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4					Delamaran	Waucoban †	Early Cambrian	509
		Stage 4					Dyeran			511 *
		Stage 3	Cambrian 2				Dyeran			514
							Montezuman			514.8 *
							Begadean			519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2								521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1							529
											538.8