PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126884 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Ten Million Year Bins	Permian of the Salt Range	Cenozoic Subepochs	Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Cambrian of Siberia			Precambrian of Russia	Silurian Ages of Europe
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6									0
				Northgrippian										0.0042
				Greenlandian										0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene			Late Pleistocene							0.0117
				Chibanian			Middle Pleistocene							0.129
				Calabrian			Early Pleistocene							0.774
				Gelasian			Early Pleistocene							1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Late Pliocene							2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean			Early Pliocene							3.6
			Miocene	Messinian			Late Miocene							5.333
				Tortonian			Late Miocene							7.246
				Serravallian	Cenozoic 5		Middle Miocene							11.63
				Langhian			Middle Miocene							13.82
				Burdigalian			Early Miocene							15.98
				Aquitanian			Early Miocene							20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4		Late Oligocene							23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian	Cenozoic 4		Early Oligocene							27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3		Late Eocene							33.9
				Bartonian	Cenozoic 3		Middle Eocene							37.71
				Lutetian	Cenozoic 2		Middle Eocene							41.2
				Ypresian	Cenozoic 2		Early Eocene							47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1		Late Paleocene							56
				Selandian			Middle Paleocene							59.2
				Danian			Early Paleocene							61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8									66
				Campanian	Cretaceous 7									72.1
				Santonian	Cretaceous 6									83.6
				Coniacian										86.3
				Turonian										89.8
				Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5									93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4									100.5
				Aptian	Cretaceous 3									113
				Barremian	Cretaceous 2									121.4
				Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2									125.77
				Valanginian	Cretaceous 1									132.6
				Berriasian	Cretaceous 1									139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6									145
				Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5									149.2
				Oxfordian										154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
				Bathonian	Jurassic 4									165.3
				Bajocian	Jurassic 4									168.2
				Aalenian	Jurassic 3									170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Jurassic 3									174.7
				Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2									184.2
				Sinemurian	Jurassic 1									192.9
				Hettangian	Jurassic 1									199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4									201.4
				Norian	Triassic 4									208.5
				Carnian	Triassic 3									227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2									237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2									242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1									247.2
				Induan										251.2
				Induan		Kathwai								251.5 *
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4	Kathwai		Melekhovian						251.902
														252.4 *
						Chhidru								252.9 *
				Wuchiapingian		Chhidru								254.14
						Kalabagh								255 *
						Wargal								256 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian										259.51
				Wordian										264.28
								Noginskian						264.9 *
						265.3 *
Amb						266.1 *
Amb				Roadian	Permian 3	266.9
				Roadian	Permian 3	270.7 *
			Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2	273.01
				Kungurian		Pavlovoposadian		276.8 *
				Artinskian		Pavlovoposadian		283.5
				Artinskian		Rusavkinian		287.6 *
				Sakmarian				290.1
				Asselian	Permian 1			293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5			298.9
				Kasimovian		Dorogomilovian		303.7
						Khamovnikian		304.8
						Krevyakinian		305.8 *
				Moscovian	Carboniferous 4	Myachkovian		307
						Podolskian		308.9 *
						Kashirian		311.4 *
						Vereian		313.8
						Melekessian		314.8
				Bashkirian		Melekessian		315.2
						Cheremshanian		316.9 *
						Prikamian		318.6 *
						Severokeltmian		319.9 *
						Krasnopolyanian		321.2 *
						Voznesenian	321.9 *
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3	Zapaltjubian	323.2
						Protvian	324.4 *
						Steshevian	326.8 *
						Tarusian	329 *
				Visean	Carboniferous 2	Venevian	330.9
						Mikhailovian	331.9 *
						Aleksinian	333.7 *
						Tulian	335.8 *
						Bobrikian	339.9 *
						Radaevkian	343.4 *
				Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1	Kosvian	346.7
						Kizelian	350.7 *
						Cherepetian	351.9 *
						Karakubian	354.4 *
						Upinian	356.3 *
						Malevkian	357.6 *
						Gumerovian	358 *
		Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5		Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
			Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4		Adorf	372.2
			Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3		Givetian	382.7
			Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3		Eifelian	387.7
			Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2		Emsian	393.3
				Pragian	Devonian 1		Siegen	407.6
				Lochkovian	Devonian 1		Gedinnine	410.8
		Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2			419.2
			Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
			Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
			Wenlock	Homerian				Gleedonian	427.4
				Homerian				Whitwellian	429.7 *
				Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery		Telychian	Silurian 1	433.4
			Aeronian		438.5
			Rhuddanian		440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5	443.8
			Katian	Ordovician 5	445.2
			Sandbian	Ordovician 4	453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3	458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	Ordovician 2	467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2	470
			Tremadocian	Ordovician 1	477.7
			Tremadocian	Ordovician 1	Mansian †				483.55 *
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5	Batyrbaian				Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
Jiangshanian			489.5		Batyrbaian
			Aksaian		490.7 *
			Sakian		492.2 *
Paibian					494
Paibian					Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian					494.7 *
Miaolingian		Guzhangian	Cambrian 4	Ayusokkanian						497
		Guzhangian		Mayan/Menevian						499.5
		Drumian		Mayan/Menevian						500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3	Amgan/Solvan						504.5
Series 2		Stage 4		Amgan/Solvan						509
				Toyonian	Lenian †					510 *
				Botomian						512.5 *
		Stage 3	Cambrian 2	Botomian						514
		Stage 3		Atdabanian						515.6 *
Terreneuvian		Stage 2		Tommotian						521
		Stage 2		Nemakit-Daldynian						525.5
		Fortunian	Cambrian 1	Nemakit-Daldynian	Manykaian †					529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran										Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian											635
		Tonian											720
		Tonian										Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian										Karatau	1000
		Stenian										Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian										Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian										Burzyan	1375
														1400