PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Permian of the Russian Platform		Permian of China	Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Devonian of France	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Carboniferous Subepochs	Devonian of Germany
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6						Wanganui	Haweran			0
		Northgrippian											0.0042
		Greenlandian											0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											0.0117
		Chibanian											0.129
		Chibanian								Castlecliffian			0.34
		Calabrian								Castlecliffian			0.774
		Calabrian								Nukumaruan			1.63
		Gelasian								Nukumaruan			1.8
		Gelasian								Mangapanian			2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian								Mangapanian			2.58
		Piacenzian								Waipipian			3
		Zanclean								Waipipian			3.6
		Zanclean								Opoitian			3.7
	Miocene	Messinian							Taranaki	Kapitean			5.333
		Messinian								Tongaporutuan			7.2
		Tortonian								Tongaporutuan			7.246
		Tortonian							Southland	Waiauan			11.04
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5							Waiauan			11.63
		Serravallian								Lillburnian			13.05
		Langhian								Lillburnian			13.82
										Clifdenian			15.1
									Pareora	Altonian			15.9
		Burdigalian								Altonian			15.98
		Burdigalian								Otaian			18.7
		Aquitanian								Otaian			20.44
		Aquitanian							Landon	Waitakian			21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4							Waitakian			23.03
										Duntroonian			25.2
										Whaingaroan			27.3
		Rupelian											27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3										33.9
									Arnold	Runangan			34.6
										Kaiatan			36.7
		Bartonian								Kaiatan			37.71
		Bartonian								Bortonian			39.1
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2							Bortonian			41.2
									Dannevirke	Porangan			42.6
										Heretaungan			45.7
		Ypresian								Heretaungan			47.8
										Mangaorapan			48.9
										Waipawan			52
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1							Teurian			56
		Selandian											59.2
		Danian											61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8				Lancian/Edmontonian		Mata	Haumurian			66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7				Judithian/Aquilan			Haumurian			72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6							Piripauan			83.6
		Santonian							Raukumara	Teratan			86.1
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
										Mangaotanean			90.5
										Arowhanan			93.7
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5							Arowhanan			93.9
									Clarence	Ngaterian			95.2
										Motuan			99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4							Motuan			100.5
										Urutawan			103.3
									Taitai	Korangan			108.4
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3							Korangan			113
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3										117.5
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2										121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2										125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1										132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6		145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5		149.2
		Oxfordian			154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian			161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4		165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4		168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Jurassic 3		174.7
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2		184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1		192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4		201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4		208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4		Meishanian	251.902
		Changhsingian			Baoqingian	253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian			Laoshanian	254.14
					Laoshanian	Tatarian		Vyatkian	256.8 *
					Laibinian			Vyatkian	257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Severodvinian			Lengwuan	259.51
		Wordian			Urzhumian			Kuhfengian	264.28
		Roadian	Permian 3		Kazanian	Povolzhian			266.9
		Roadian	Permian 3		Kazanian	Sokian			270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2		Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian		Luodianian	273.01
						Filipovian			276.5 *
						Saraninian			280.1 *
		Artinskian			Artinskian	Sarginian			283.5
						Sarginian		Longlinian	285.4 *
						Irginian			285.9 *
						Burtsevian			287.8 *
		Sakmarian			Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian			290.1
		Sakmarian			Sakmarian	Tastubian			291.7 *
		Asselian	Permian 1		Asselian	Shikhanian		Zisongian	293.52
						Uskalykian			294.8
						Surenian			297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5						Late Pennsylvanian		298.9
		Gzhelian									300.1
		Kasimovian									303.7
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4						Middle Pennsylvanian		307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4						Early Pennsylvanian		315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3						Late Mississippian		323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2						Middle Mississippian		330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1				Early Mississippian		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5				Famennian				Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4				Frasnian				Adorf	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3				Givetian				Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3				Couvinien				Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2								Emsian	393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1								Siegen	407.6
		Pragian					Coblencien				Siegen	408.2 *
		Lochkovian					Gedinnine				Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2									419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian										423
	Ludlow	Gorstian										425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian										427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian								430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1							433.4
		Aeronian								438.5
		Rhuddanian								440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5							443.8
		Katian	Ordovician 5	445.2
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4	453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3	458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	Ordovician 2	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2	470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ordovician 1	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5	485.4
		Jiangshanian		489.5
		Paibian		494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4	497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4	500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3	509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2	514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2	521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1	529
													538.8