PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Ten Million Year Bins	Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Cambrian of China		Silurian of the Baltic	Ordovician of the Baltic				Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia			Carboniferous of North America
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6														0
				Northgrippian															0.0042
				Greenlandian															0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene															0.0117
				Chibanian															0.129
				Calabrian															0.774
				Gelasian															1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian															2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean															3.6
			Miocene	Messinian															5.333
				Tortonian															7.246
				Serravallian	Cenozoic 5														11.63
				Langhian															13.82
				Burdigalian															15.98
				Aquitanian															20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4										Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian			23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian	Cenozoic 4										Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian			27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3										Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian				33.9
				Bartonian	Cenozoic 3										Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan				37.71
				Lutetian	Cenozoic 2														41.2
				Ypresian	Cenozoic 2											Bumbanian			47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1										Gashatan				56
				Selandian															59.2
				Danian															61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8														66
				Campanian	Cretaceous 7														72.1
				Santonian	Cretaceous 6														83.6
				Coniacian															86.3
				Turonian															89.8
				Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5														93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4														100.5
				Aptian	Cretaceous 3														113
				Barremian	Cretaceous 2														121.4
				Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2														125.77
				Valanginian	Cretaceous 1														132.6
				Berriasian	Cretaceous 1														139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6														145
				Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5														149.2
				Oxfordian															154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
				Bathonian	Jurassic 4														165.3
				Bajocian	Jurassic 4														168.2
				Aalenian	Jurassic 3														170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Jurassic 3														174.7
				Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2														184.2
				Sinemurian	Jurassic 1														192.9
				Hettangian	Jurassic 1														199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4														201.4
				Norian	Triassic 4														208.5
				Carnian	Triassic 3														227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2														237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2														242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1														247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1														251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4														251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian															254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian															259.51
				Wordian															264.28
				Roadian	Permian 3														266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2														273.01
				Artinskian															283.5
				Sakmarian															290.1
				Asselian	Permian 1													Bursumian †	293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5													Virgilian	298.9
Kasimovian				Missourian		303.7
Kasimovian				Desmoinesian		305.9 *
Moscovian				Desmoinesian	Carboniferous 4	307
Moscovian				Atokan		312.7 *
Bashkirian				Atokan		315.2
Bashkirian				Morrowan		318.4 *
Mississippian			Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3	Chesterian	323.2
			Visean	Carboniferous 2	Chesterian	330.9
					Meramecian	335.8 *
					Osagean	343.1 *
			Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1	Osagean	346.7
			Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1	Kinderhookian	351.9 *
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5		Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4		Adorf	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3		Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3		Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2		Emsian	393.3
			Pragian	Devonian 1		Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian	Devonian 1		Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli		Silurian 2		Ohesaare		419.2
		Pridoli				Kaugetuma		421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian			Kuressaare		423
			Ludfordian			Paadla		423.4 *
			Gorstian			Paadla		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian			Rootsikula		427.4
			Homerian			Jaagarahu		429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian			Jaagarahu		430.5
			Sheinwoodian			Jaani		431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1		Jaani		433.4
			Telychian			Adavere		434 *
			Aeronian			Adavere		438.5
			Aeronian			Raikkula		439.4 *
			Rhuddanian			Raikkula		440.8
			Rhuddanian			Juuru		441.4 *
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5				Harju	Porkuni	443.8
			Katian						Pirgu	445.2
									Vormsi	449.6 *
									Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
								Viru	Rakvere		450.6 *
									Oandu		452 *
			Sandbian	Ordovician 4					Keila	Idavere †	453
									Haljala		453.9
									Kukruse		456.4 *
									Uhaku	Aluoja †	457.5 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3					Uhaku		458.4
									Lasnamagi		458.9 *
									Aseri		460.4 *
								Oeland	Kunda		462.9 *
									Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
									Volkhov		Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
			Dapingian	Ordovician 2					Volkhov			467.3
			Dapingian						Billingen			469.3 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian									470
										Latorp †		470.1 *
	Hunneberg								473.7 *
	Hunneberg		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1					477.7
	Varangu								481.3 *
	Pakerort								482.2 *
Cambrian	Pakerort	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5					Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †			Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
														486.3 *
														486.5
														Sunwaptan	487.5
			Jiangshanian						Jiangshanian					Sunwaptan	489.5
			Jiangshanian						Jiangshanian					Steptoean	493 *
			Paibian						Paibian						494
			Paibian						Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian					494.9 *
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4					Guzhangian	Wangcunian †			Marjumian	Albertian †	497
			Drumian	Cambrian 4					Drumian	Wangcunian †			Marjumian		500.5
			Wuliuan	Cambrian 3					Wuliuan/Taijangian				Topazan		504.5
			Wuliuan						Wuliuan/Taijangian				Delamaran		506.5
		Series 2	Stage 4						Duyunian				Delamaran	Waucoban †	509
			Stage 4						Duyunian				Dyeran		511 *
			Stage 3	Cambrian 2					Nangaoian				Dyeran		514
													Montezuman		514.8 *
													Begadean		519.9 *
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2						Meishucunian						521
			Fortunian	Cambrian 1	529				Meishucunian
			Fortunian	Cambrian 1	Jinnigian				530.7
Proterozoic		Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran										Vendian †	Poundian †			538.8
Proterozoic		Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran										Vendian †	Wonokan †			571.7 *
																			635