International Chronostratigraphic Timescale
The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:
- K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
- J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
- W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
- A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show
Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.
Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.
This timescale is used in the definition of 126844 collections
| International Chronostratigraphic Timescale | Ten Million Year Bins | Carboniferous of North America | Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Permian | Lopingian | Changhsingian | Permian 4 | 251.902 | |||||
| Wuchiapingian | Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian | 254.14 | |||||||
| Guadalupian | Capitanian | Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian | 259.51 | ||||||
| Wordian | Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian | 264.28 | |||||||
| Roadian | Permian 3 | Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian | 266.9 | ||||||
| Cisuralian | Kungurian | Permian 2 | 273.01 | ||||||
| Artinskian | 283.5 | ||||||||
| Sakmarian | 290.1 | ||||||||
| Asselian | Permian 1 | Bursumian † | 293.52 | ||||||
| 298.9 | |||||||||