PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

This timescale is used in the definition of 126778 collections

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Carboniferous Subepochs	North American Land Mammal Ages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan			Saintaugustinean	0
		Meghalayan			Santarosean	0.0004
		Northgrippian				0.0042
		Greenlandian				0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Nihewanian			0.0117
		Late Pleistocene			Rancholabrean	0.014
		Chibanian			Rancholabrean	0.129
		Chibanian			Irvingtonian	0.21
		Calabrian			Irvingtonian	0.774
		Calabrian			Blancan	1.4
		Gelasian				1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Yushean			2.58
		Zanclean				3.6
					Hemphillian	4.7
			Baodean			4.9
	Miocene	Messinian				5.333
		Tortonian				7.246
					Clarendonian	9.4
			Tunggurian			11.1
		Serravallian				11.63
		Serravallian			Barstovian	12.5
		Langhian	Shanwangian			13.82
		Burdigalian				15.98
					Hemingfordian	16.3
			Xiejiaan		Hemingfordian	16.9
					Arikareean	18.5
		Aquitanian				20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				23.03
		Rupelian				27.82
					Whitneyan	29.5
					Orellan	31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian			Chadronian	33.9
		Priabonian			Duchesnean	37
		Bartonian			Duchesnean	37.71
		Bartonian			Uintan	39.7
		Lutetian			Uintan	41.2
		Lutetian			Bridgerian	46.2
		Ypresian			Bridgerian	47.8
					Wasatchian	50.5
					Clarkforkian	54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian			Clarkforkian	56
		Thanetian			Tiffanian	56.2
		Selandian			Tiffanian	59.2
		Selandian			Torrejonian	60.9
		Danian			Torrejonian	61.6
		Danian			Puercan	63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				66
		Campanian				72.1
		Santonian				83.6
		Coniacian				86.3
		Turonian				89.8
		Cenomanian				93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian				100.5
		Aptian				113
		Barremian				121.4
		Hauterivian				125.77
		Valanginian				132.6
		Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				145
		Kimmeridgian				149.2
		Oxfordian				154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian				161.5
		Bathonian				165.3
		Bajocian				168.2
		Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
		Pliensbachian		184.2
		Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
		Norian		208.5
		Carnian		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		259.51
		Wordian		264.28
		Roadian		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		273.01
		Artinskian		283.5
		Sakmarian		290.1
		Asselian		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Late Pennsylvanian		298.9
		Kasimovian		Late Pennsylvanian		303.7
		Moscovian		Middle Pennsylvanian		307
		Bashkirian		Early Pennsylvanian		315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Late Mississippian		323.2
		Visean		Middle Mississippian		330.9
		Tournaisian	Early Mississippian	346.7
						358.9