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Pleurodira (sideneck turtle)

Reptilia - Testudines

Taxonomy
Pleurodira was named by Cope (1865) [also said to be 1864]. It is extant. It was considered monophyletic by Joyce (2007), Pérez-García (2017).

It was reranked as the superfamily Pleurodira by Hay (1902), Hay (1908); it was reranked as the infraorder Pleurodira by Andrews (1906), Gaffney (1975), Gaffney et al. (2006), Apesteguía et al. (2012); it was corrected as Pleurodiri by Jaekel (1911), Perrier (1928); it was replaced with Chelydoidae by Hay (1930); it was reranked as the unranked clade Pleurodira by Lydekker (1889), Huene (1954), Cadena et al. (2012), Cadena and Joyce (2015), Oriozabala et al. (2020), Moyano-Paz et al. (2022), Agnolín et al. (2023), Cadena et al. (2024).

It was assigned to Testudinata by Lydekker (1889); to Thecophora by Hay (1902), Andrews (1906), Hay (1908); to Thecophora by Gadow (1898), Perrier (1928), Roxo (1937); to Testudinata by Cope (1871), Cope (1875), Zittel (1890), Baur (1893), Osborn (1904), Jaekel (1911), Kuhn (1946), Zangerl (1948), Huene (1954), Haas (1978); to Chelonia by Woodward (1898), Swinton (1934), Olson (1947), Delair (1958), Antunes (1964), Miller (1967), Thurmond and Jones (1981), Carroll (1988), Martinelli and Forasiepi (2004); to Casichelydia by Gaffney (1975), Gaffney et al. (2006); to Casichelydia by Previtera and González Riga (2008); to Chelonia by Cadena et al. (2012); to Chelonii by Lapparent de Broin and Molnar (2001), de la Fuente and Iturralde-Vinent (2001), de la Fuente and Bona (2002), Apesteguía et al. (2012), Pérez-García et al. (2013), Pérez-García et al. (2013), Pérez-García and Lapparent de Broin (2013); to Panpleurodira by Danilov and Parham (2008), Cadena and Joyce (2015); to Testudines by Kuhn (1966), Wood (1975), Wood (1976), Gaffney and Wood (2002), Joyce et al. (2004), Hutchison et al. (2004), Vremir (2013), Weems and Knight (2013), van Dijk et al. (2014), Gasparini et al. (2015), Pérez-García and Chapman (2017), Pérez-García (2017), Pérez-García and Ortega (2018), Silva Lacerda et al. (2020), de Lapparent de Broin et al. (2020), López-Conde et al. (2021); to Testudines by Agnolín et al. (2023); and to Testudines by Joyce (2007), Puntener et al. (2014), Pérez-Garcia (2020), Oriozabala et al. (2020), Georgalis et al. (2020), Moyano-Paz et al. (2022), Cadena et al. (2024).

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1865Pleurodira Cope
1871Pleurodira Cope p. 236
1875Pleurodira Cope p. 17
1889Pleurodira Lydekker p. 158
1890Pleurodira Zittel p. 449
1893Pleurodira Baur p. 672
1898Pleurodira Gadow p. 21
1898Pleurodira Woodward p. 141
1902Pleurodira Hay p. 436
1904Pleurodira Osborn p. 100
1906Pleurodira Andrews p. 289
1908Pleurodira Hay p. 102
1911Pleurodiri Jaekel p. 185
1928Pleurodiri Perrier p. 3114
1934Pleurodira Swinton p. 75
1937Pleurodira Roxo p. 43
1946Pleurodira Kuhn p. 58
1947Pleurodira Olson pp. 44, 45
1948Pleurodira Zangerl p. 25
1954Pleurodira Huene p. 24
1958Pleurodira Delair p. 55
1964Pleurodira Antunes p. 135
1966Pleurodira Kuhn p. 30
1967Pleurodira Miller p. 225
1975Pleurodira Gaffney p. 425
1975Pleurodira Wood
1976Pleurodira Wood p. 2
1978Pleurodira Haas
1981Pleurodira Thurmond and Jones p. 120
1988Pleurodira Carroll
2001Pleurodira Lapparent de Broin and Molnar
2001Pleurodira de la Fuente and Iturralde-Vinent
2002Pleurodira Gaffney and Wood p. 2
2002Pleurodira de la Fuente and Bona p. 78
2004Pleurodira Hutchison et al. p. 39
2004Pleurodira Joyce et al.
2004Pleurodira Martinelli and Forasiepi p. 260
2006Pleurodira Gaffney et al. p. 26
2007Pleurodira Joyce
2008Pleurodira Danilov and Parham
2008Pleurodira Previtera and González Riga
2012Pleurodira Apesteguía et al.
2012Pleurodira Cadena et al. p. 549
2013Pleurodira Pérez-García and Lapparent de Broin
2013Pleurodira Pérez-García et al.
2013Pleurodira Pérez-García et al.
2013Pleurodira Vremir
2013Pleurodira Weems and Knight p. 290
2014Pleurodira Puntener et al.
2014Pleurodira van Dijk et al.
2015Pleurodira Cadena and Joyce
2015Pleurodira Gasparini et al.
2017Pleurodira Pérez-García p. 2
2017Pleurodira Pérez-García and Chapman p. 2
2018Pleurodira Pérez-García and Ortega
2020Pleurodira Georgalis et al. p. 836
2020Pleurodira Oriozabala et al. p. 3
2020Pleurodira Pérez-Garcia
2020Pleurodira Silva Lacerda et al.
2020Pleurodira de Lapparent de Broin et al. p. 466
2021Pleurodira López-Conde et al.
2022Pleurodira Moyano-Paz et al. p. 17
2023Pleurodira Agnolín et al.
2024Pleurodira Cadena et al.

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
RankNameAuthor
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
—Sauropsida
classReptilia
—Testudinata(Oppel 1811)
orderTestudinesBatsch 1788
suborderPleurodira
suborderPleurodira

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Subor. Pleurodira Cope 1865 [sideneck turtle]
show all | hide all
Unr. †Bothremydidae Baur 1891
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G. †Arenila Lapparent de Broin and Werner 1998
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†Arenila krebsi Lapparent de Broin and Werner 1998
G. †Atolchelys Romano et al. 2014
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†Atolchelys lepida Romano et al. 2014
G. †Azabbaremys Gaffney et al. 2001
+
†Azabbaremys moragjonesi Gaffney et al. 2001
Subfm. †Bothremydinae Gaffney 1975
+
G. †Paiutemys Joyce et al. 2016
Invalid names: Cearachelyodda Gaffney et al. 2006 [empty]
Tr. †Bothremydini Gaffney et al. 2006
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Subtr. †Bothremydina Gaffney et al. 2006
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G. †Akoranemys Pérez-Garcia 2020
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†Akoranemys madagasika Pérez-Garcia 2020
G. †Algorachelus Pérez-García 2017
+
†Algorachelus parvus Haas 1978
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Invalid names: Podocnemis judaea Haas 1978 [synonym]
†Algorachelus peregrina Pérez-García 2017
†Algorachelus tibert Joyce et al. 2016
G. †Araiochelys Gaffney et al. 2006
+
†Araiochelys hirayamai Gaffney et al. 2006
G. †Bothremys Leidy 1865
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†Bothremys arabicus Zalmout et al. 2005
†Bothremys cooki Leidy 1865
†Bothremys kellyi Gaffney et al. 2006
†Bothremys maghrebiana Gaffney et al. 2006
Invalid names: Karkaemys Zalmout et al. 2005 [synonym]
G. †Zolhafah Lapparent de Broin and Werner 1998
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†Zolhafah bella Lapparent de Broin and Werner 1998
Subtr. †Foxemydina Gaffney et al. 2006
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G. †Foxemys Tong et al. 1998
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†Foxemys mechinorum Tong et al. 1998
†Foxemys trabanti Rabi et al. 2012
G. †Iberoccitanemys Pérez-García et al. 2012
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†Iberoccitanemys atlanticum Lapparent de Broin and Murelaga 1996
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Invalid names: Elochelys convenarum Laurent et al. 2002 [synonym]
G. †Polysternon Portis 1882
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†Polysternon provinciale Matheron 1869
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Invalid names: Elochelys major Nopsca 1931 [synonym]
G. †Tartaruscola Pérez-García 2016
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†Tartaruscola teodorii Pérez-García 2016
Invalid names: Polysternon isonae Marmi et al. 2012 [nomen dubium]
G. †Khargachelys AbdelGawad et al. 2023
+
†Khargachelys caironensis AbdelGawad et al. 2023
G. †Palauchelys López-Conde et al. 2021
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†Palauchelys montellanoi López-Conde et al. 2021
G. †Puentemys Cadena et al. 2012
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†Puentemys mushaisaensis Cadena et al. 2012
Unr. †Bothremydodda Gaffney et al. 2006
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G. †Abalakemys Pérez-García 2023
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†Abalakemys chapmanae Pérez-García 2023
G. †Carteremys Williams 1953
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†Carteremys leithii Carter 1852
Tr. †Cearachelyini Gaffney et al. 2006
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G. †Elkanemys Maniel et al. 2021
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†Elkanemys pritchardi Maniel et al. 2021
G. †Galianemys Gaffney et al. 2002
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†Galianemys emringeri Gaffney et al. 2002
†Galianemys whitei Gaffney et al. 2002
G. †Cearachelys Gaffney et al. 2001
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†Cearachelys placidoi Gaffney et al. 2001
G. †Chedighaii Gaffney et al. 2006
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†Chedighaii barberi Schmidt 1940
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Invalid names: Podocnemis alabamae Zangerl 1948 [synonym]
†Chedighaii hutchisoni Gaffney et al. 2006
G. †Elochelys Nopsca 1931
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†Elochelys perfecta Nopsca 1931
G. †Inaechelys de Araujo Carvalho et al. 2016
Tr. †Kurmademydini Gaffney et al. 2006
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G. †Jainemys Joyce and Bandyopadhyay 2020
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†Jainemys pisdurensis Jain 1977
G. †Kinkonychelys Gaffney et al. 2009
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†Kinkonychelys rogersi Gaffney et al. 2009
G. †Kurmademys Gaffney et al. 2001
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†Kurmademys kallamedensis Gaffney et al. 2001
G. †Labrostochelys Gaffney et al. 2006
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†Labrostochelys galkini Gaffney et al. 2006
G. †Nigeremys Broin 1977
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†Nigeremys gigantea Bergounoux and Crouzel 1968
Invalid names: Potamochelys Fitzinger 1843 [synonym]
G. †Palemys Gray 1870
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†Palemys bowerbankii Owen 1842
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Invalid names: Dacochelys delabechei Bell 1849 [synonym], Emys conybearii Owen 1858 [synonym], Emys delabechii Owen and Bell 1849 [synonym], Emys laevis Owen and Bell 1849 [synonym]
Invalid names: Dacochelys Lydekker 1889 [synonym]
G. †Phosphatochelys Gaffney and Tong 2003
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†Phosphatochelys tedfordi Gaffney and Tong 2003
G. †Pleurochayah Adrian et al. 2021
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†Pleurochayah appalachius Adrian et al. 2021
G. †Rhothonemys Gaffney et al. 2006
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†Rhothonemys brinkmani Gaffney et al. 2006
G. †Rosasia Costa 1940
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†Rosasia soutoi Carrington da Costa 1940
Invalid names: Inaechelys pernambucensis de Araujo Carvalho et al. 2016 [nomen dubium]
G. †Sankuchemys Gaffney et al. 2003
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†Sankuchemys sethnai Gaffney et al. 2003
G. †Sindhochelys de Lapparent de Broin et al. 2021
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†Sindhochelys ragei de Lapparent de Broin et al. 2021
Tr. †Taphrosphyini Gaffney et al. 2006
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G. †Chupacabrachelys Lehman and Wick 2010
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†Chupacabrachelys complexus Lehman and Wick 2010
G. †Ilatardia Pérez-García 2019
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†Ilatardia cetiotesta Pérez-García 2019
Subtr. †Taphrosphyina Gaffney et al. 2006
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G. †Acleistochelys Gaffney et al. 2007
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†Acleistochelys maliensis Gaffney et al. 2007
G. †Eotaphrosphys Pérez-García 2018
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†Eotaphrosphys ambiguum Gaudry 1890
G. †Motelomama Pérez-García 2018
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†Motelomama olssoni Schmidt 1931
Invalid names: Crassachelys Moody 1972 [nomen dubium], Eusarkia Bergounioux 1952 [nomen dubium], Gafsachelys Stefano 1903 [nomen dubium], Nigeremydina Gaffney et al. 2006 [empty]
G. †Taphrosphys Cope 1869
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†Taphrosphys ippolitoi Gaffney et al. 2006
†Taphrosphys nodosus Cope 1870
†Taphrosphys strenuus Cope 1870
+
Invalid names: Prochonias princeps Cope 1869 [synonym]
†Taphrosphys sulcatus Leidy 1856
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Invalid names: Amblypeza antellius Hay 1908 [synonym], Prochonias longinuchus Cope 1870 [synonym], Taphrosphys enodis Cope 1870 [synonym], Taphrosphys leslianus Cope 1870 [synonym], Taphrosphys molops Cope 1870 [synonym]
Invalid names: Amblypeza Hay 1908 [synonym], Bantuchelys Dollo 1924 [synonym], Prochonias Cope 1869 [synonym]
G. †Ummulisani Gaffney et al. 2006
+
†Ummulisani rutgersensis Gaffney et al. 2006
Invalid names: Kurmademydinae Gaffney et al. 2006 [empty], Podocnemis somaliensis Walker 1966 [invalid subgroup]
Fm. Chelidae Gray 1825
+
G. Acanthochelys Gray 1873
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†Acanthochelys cosquinensis de la Fuente 1992
Acanthochelys macrocephala Rhodin et al. 1984 [Pantanal swamp turtle]
Acanthochelys pallidipectoris Freiberg 1945 [Chaco sideneck turtle]
Acanthochelys radiolata Mikan 1820 [Radiolated Brazilian swamp turtle]
Acanthochelys spixii Duméril and Bibron 1837 [black spine-neck swamp turtle]
G. †Baalemys Sarda and Maniel 2024
+
†Baalemys mansillai Sarda and Maniel 2024
G. †Birlimarr Megirian and Murray 1999
+
†Birlimarr gaffneyi Megirian and Murray 1999
G. †Calvarichelys Oriozabala et al. 2025
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†Calvarichelys coloniensis Oriozabala et al. 2025
Subfm. Chelinae Gray 1825
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G. Mesoclemmys Gray 1873
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Mesoclemmys dahli Zangerl and Medem 1958
Mesoclemmys gibba Schweigger 1812 [Gibba turtle]
Mesoclemmys heliostemma McCord et al. 2001 [Yellow-crowned toad-headed turtle]
Mesoclemmys hogei Mertens 1967 [Hoge's side-necked turtle]
Mesoclemmys nasuta Schweigger 1812 [Guyanan toad-headed turtle]
+
Invalid names: Batrachemys nasuta Schweigger 1812 [synonym]
Mesoclemmys perplexa Bour and Zaher 2005 [Cerrado side-necked turtle]
Mesoclemmys raniceps Gray 1856 [Amazon toad-headed turtle]
+
Invalid names: Batrachemys raniceps Gray 1856 [synonym]
Mesoclemmys tuberculata Luederwaldt 1926 [Tuberculate toad-headed turtle]
Mesoclemmys vanderhaegei Bour 1973 [Vanderhaege's toad-headed turtle]
†Mesoclemmys vanegasorum Cadena et al. 2020
Mesoclemmys zuliae Pritchard and Trebbau 1984 [Zulia toad-headed turtle]
Invalid names: Batrachemys Stejneger 1909 [synonym], Bufocephala McCord et al. 2001 [synonym], Ranacephala McCord et al. 2001 [synonym]
G. Rhinemys Wagler 1830
+
Rhinemys rufipes Spix 1824 [Red side-necked turtle]
Subfm. Chelodininae Baur 1893
+
G. Chelodina Fitzinger 1826
+
Subg. Chelodina (Chelodina) Fitzinger 1826
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Chelodina (Chelodina) canni McCord and Thompson 2002 [Canns snake-necked turtle]
Chelodina (Chelodina) gunaleni McCord and Joseph-Ouni 2007 [Gunalens snake-necked turtle]
Chelodina (Chelodina) longicollis Shaw 1802 [Eastern snake-necked turtle]
Chelodina (Chelodina) mccordi Rhodin 1994 [McCord's snakeneck turtle]
Chelodina (Chelodina) novaeguineae Boulenger 1888 [New Guinea snakeneck turtle]
Chelodina (Chelodina) pritchardi Rhodin 1994 [Pritchard's snakeneck turtle]
Chelodina (Chelodina) reimanni Philippen and Grossmann 1990 [Reimann's snakeneck turtle]
Chelodina (Chelodina) steindachneri Siebenrock 1914 [Steindachner's snakeneck turtle]
Subg. Chelodina (Chelydera) Shea et al. 2020
+
†Chelodina (Chelydera) alanrixi Lapparent de Broin and Molnar 2001
Chelodina (Chelydera) expansa Gray 1857 [Giant snakeneck turtle]
Chelodina (Chelydera) parkeri Rhodin and Mittermeter 1976 [Parker's snakeneck turtle]
Chelodina (Chelydera) rugosa Ogilby 1890 [Northern Australian snakeneck turtle]
+
Invalid names: Chelodina siebenrocki Werner 1901 [synonym]
Subg. Chelodina (Macrochelodina) Wells and Wellington 1985
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Chelodina (Macrochelodina) burrungandjii Thomson et al. 2000 [Arnhem snake-necked turtle]
Chelodina (Macrochelodina) expansa Gray 1857 [Broad-shelled snake-necked turtle]
Chelodina (Macrochelodina) kuchlingi Cann 1997 [Kuchlings snake-necked turtle]
Chelodina (Macrochelodina) oblonga Gray 1841 [Narrow-breasted snakeneck turtle]
Chelodina (Macrochelodina) parkeri Rhodin and Mittermeier 1976 [Parkers snake-necked turtle]
Chelodina (Macrochelodina) walloyarrina McCord and Joseph-Ouni 2007 [Kimberley snake-necked turtle]
Invalid names: Chelodina (Macrodiremys) McCord and Joseph-Ouni 2007 [objective synonym]
Chelodina longicollis Shaw 1802 [Eastern snake-necked turtle]
Chelodina mccordi Rhodin 1994 [McCord's snakeneck turtle]
Chelodina novaeguineae Boulenger 1888 [New Guinea snakeneck turtle]
Chelodina pritchardi Rhodin 1994 [Pritchard's snakeneck turtle]
Chelodina reimanni Philippen and Grossmann 1990 [Reimann's snakeneck turtle]
Chelodina steindachneri Siebenrock 1914 [Steindachner's snakeneck turtle]
G. Elusor Cann and Legler 1994
+
Elusor macrurus Cann and Legler 1994 [Mary River turtle]
G. Flaviemys Le et al. 2013 [Manning River sawshelled turtle]
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Flaviemys purvisi Wells and Wellington 1985 [Manning River sawshelled turtle]
G. Chelus Duméril 1806
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†Chelus colombianus Wood 1976 [Chelus colombiana]
+
Invalid names: Chelus lewisi Wood 1976 [synonym]
Chelus fimbriata Schneider 1783 [Mata mata]
Chelus fimbriatus Schneider 1783 [Mata mata]
G. Elseya Gray 1867
+
Elseya albagula Thomson et al. 2006 [White-throated snapping turtle]
Elseya branderhorsti Ouwens 1914 [White-bellied snapping turtle]
Elseya dentata Gray 1863 [Northern Australia snapping turtle]
Elseya irwini Cann 1997 [Irwins snapping turtle]
Elseya macrurus Cann and Legler 1994 [Cann's snakeneck turtle]
†Elseya nadibajagu Thomson and Mackness 1999
Elseya novaeguineae Meyer 1874 [New Guinea snapping turtle]
Elseya oneiros Joseph-Ouni et al. 2020
Elseya schultzei Vogt 1911 [Schultzes snapping turtle]
†Elseya uberrima De Vis 1897
Invalid names: Pelecomastes De Vis 1897 [synonym]
G. Emydura Bonaparte 1836
+
Emydura australis Gray 1841 [Australian bighead turtle]
Emydura krefftii Gray 1871 [Krefft's river turtle]
Emydura macquarii Gray 1831 [Murray River turtle]
Emydura signata Ahl 1932 [Brisbane shortneck turtle]
Emydura subglobosa Krefft 1876 [Redbelly shortneck turtle]
Emydura tanybaraga Cann 1997 [Northern yellow-faced turtle]
Emydura victoriae Gray 1842 [Victoria shortneck turtle]
G. Hydromedusa Wagler 1830
+
†Hydromedusa casamayorensis de la Fuente and Bona 2002
Hydromedusa maximiliani Mikan 1820 [Brazilian snakeneck turtle]
Hydromedusa tectifera Cope 1869 [Argentine snake-necked turtle]
+
Invalid names: Platemys antiqua Ameghino 1882 [synonym], Platemys fossilis Ameghino 1882 [synonym], Platemys laevis Ameghino 1882 [synonym], Platemys robusta Ameghino 1882 [synonym]
Subfm. Hydromedusinae Baur 1893
+
G. †Iaremys Agnolín et al. 2024
+
†Iaremys batrachomorpha Agnolín et al. 2024
G. †Mendozachelys de la Fuente et al. 2017
+
†Mendozachelys wichmanni de la Fuente et al. 2017
G. Myuchelys Thomson and Georges 2009
+
Myuchelys bellii Gray 1844
Myuchelys georgesi Georges and Adams 1992
Myuchelys latisternum Gray 1867 [Serrated snapping turtle]
Myuchelys purvisi Wells and Wellington 1985
G. Phrynops Wagler 1830
+
Phrynops geoffroanus Schweigger 1812 [side-necked turtle of Geoffroy]
Phrynops hilarii Dumeril and Bibron 1835 [side-necked turtle of Saint Hillaire]
†Phrynops paranaensis Wieland 1923
Phrynops tuberosus Peters 1870 [Guianan Shield side-necked turtle]
Phrynops williamsi Rhodin and Mittermeier 1983 [Williams side-necked turtle]
Phrynops zuliae Pritchard and Trebbau 1984 [Zulia toadhead turtle]
Invalid names: Parahydraspis Wieland 1923 [synonym]
G. Platemys Wagner 1830
+
Platemys platycephala Schneider 1792 [Twistneck turtle]
G. †Prochelidella Lapparent de Broin and de la Fuente 2001
+
†Prochelidella argentinae Lapparent de Broin and de la Fuente 2001
†Prochelidella buitreraensis Maniel et al. 2020
†Prochelidella cerrobarcinae de la Fuente et al. 2011
†Prochelidella palomoi Maniel et al. 2022
†Prochelidella portezuelae de la Fuente 2003
G. Pseudemydura Siebenrock 1901
+
Pseudemydura umbrina Siebenrock 1901 [Western swamp turtle]
G. Rheodytes Legler and Cann 1980
+
†Rheodytes devisi Thomson 2000
Rheodytes leukops Legler and Cann 1980 [Fitzroy River turtle]
G. †Rionegrochelys De la Fuente et al. 2017
+
†Rionegrochelys caldieroi De la Fuente et al. 2017
G. †Yaminuechelys de la Fuente et al. 2001
+
†Yaminuechelys gasparinii de la Fuente et al. 2001
†Yaminuechelys maior Staesche 1929
+
Invalid names: Osteopygis sculptus Staesche 1929 [synonym]
†Yaminuechelys sulcipeculiaris Oriozabala et al. 2020
Invalid names: Chelydidae Gray 1869 [synonym], Chelymys antiqua De Vis 1897 [nomen dubium], Chelymys arata De Vis 1897 [nomen dubium], Hydraspididae Cope 1868 [synonym], Hydraspis arenarius Rusconi 1934 [nomen dubium], Naiadochelys patagonica Staesche 1929 [nomen dubium], Pelecomastes ampla De Vis 1897 [nomen dubium], Platemys bergii Ambrosetti 1893 [nomen dubium], Platemys entreriana Ambrosetti 1893 [nomen dubium], Platemys holmbergii Ambrosetti 1893 [nomen dubium], Platemys mesopotamica Ambrosetti 1893 [nomen dubium], Platemys robusta Ambrosetti 1893 [nomen dubium], Platemys torrentium Burmeister 1885 [nomen dubium], Trionyx argentina Ameghino 1889 [nomen dubium]
Unr. Eupleurodira Gaffney and Meylan 1988
+
Invalid names: Bothremydinura Gaffney et al. 2006 [empty], Cheloides Gray 1825 [empty]
Unr. †Panchelidae Joyce et al. 2004
+
G. †Bonapartemys Lapparent de Broin and de la Fuente 2001
+
†Bonapartemys bajobarrealis Lapparent de Broin and de la Fuente 2001
G. †Linderochelys de la Fuente et al. 2007
+
†Linderochelys rinconensis de la Fuente et al. 2007
G. †Lomalatachelys Lapparent de Broin and de la Fuente 2001
+
†Lomalatachelys neuquina Lapparent de Broin and de la Fuente 2001
G. †Palaeophrynops Lapparent de Broin and de la Fuente 2001
+
†Palaeophrynops patagonicus Lapparent de Broin and de la Fuente 2001
G. †Salamanchelys Bona 2006
+
Invalid names: Platemys guaranitica Ameghino 1889 [nomen dubium], Platemys patagonica Ameghino 1889 [nomen dubium]
Unr. †Pelomedusoides Broin 1988
+
G. †Apodichelys Price 1954
+
†Apodichelys lucianoi Price 1954
Fm. †Araripemydidae Price 1973
+
G. †Araripemys Price 1973
+
†Araripemys barretoi Price 1973
+
Invalid names: Araripemys arturi Fielding et al. 2005 [synonym]
G. †Laganemys Sereno and ElShafie 2013
G. †Taquetochelys Broin 1980
+
†Taquetochelys decorata de Broin 1980
+
Invalid names: Laganemys tenerensis Sereno and ElShafie 2013 [synonym]
G. †Caririemys Oliveira and Kellner 2007
+
†Caririemys violetae Oliveira and Kellner 2007
G. †Francemys Pérez-García 2019
+
†Francemys gadoufaouaensis Pérez-García 2019
G. †Itapecuruemys Batista et al. 2021
+
†Itapecuruemys amazonensis Batista et al. 2021
G. †Palaeaspis Gray 1870
+
†Palaeaspis bowerbanki Owen 1842
Fm. †Peiropemydidae Gaffney et al. 2011
+
G. †Pricemys Gaffney et al. 2011
+
†Pricemys caiera Gaffney et al. 2011
G. †Yuraramirim Ferreira et al. 2018
+
†Yuraramirim montealtensis Ferreira et al. 2018
Unr. †Pelomedusera Gaffney et al. 2006
+
Fm. Pelomedusidae Cope 1868
+
G. †Duerochelys Jimenez Fuentes 1975
G. †Latisternon Auffenberg 1981
+
†Latisternon microsulcae Auffenberg 1981
G. Pelusios Wagler 1830
+
Pelusios adansonii Schweigger 1812 [Adansons mud turtle]
Pelusios bechuanicus FitzSimons 1932 [Okavango mud turtle]
Pelusios broadleyi Bour 1986 [Turkana mud turtle]
Pelusios carinatus Laurent 1956 [African keeled mud turtle]
Pelusios castaneus Schweigger 1812 [West African mud turtle]
Pelusios castanoides Hewitt 1931 [Yellow-bellied mud turtle]
Pelusios chapini Laurent 1965 [Central African mud turtle]
Pelusios cupulatta Bour and Maran 2003 [Ivory Coast mud turtle]
Pelusios gabonensis Duméril 1856 [African forest turtle]
Pelusios marani Bour 2000 [Gabon mud turtle]
Pelusios nanus Laurent 1956 [African dwarf mud turtle]
Pelusios niger Duméril and Bibron 1835 [West African black mud turtle]
Pelusios rhodesianus Hewitt 1927 [Variable mud turtle]
†Pelusios rusingae Williams 1954
Pelusios sinuatus Smith 1838 [Serrated hinged terrapin]
Pelusios subniger Bonnaterre 1789 [East African black mud turtle]
Pelusios upembae Broadley 1981 [Upemba mud turtle]
Pelusios williamsi Laurent 1965 [Williams mud turtle]
Invalid names: Eusarkiidae Bergounioux 1952 [synonym], Pelomedusinae Zangerl 1948 [empty], Peltocephalidae Gray 1870 [synonym], Pelusiinae Zangerl 1948 [empty], Sternothaeridae Cope 1868 [synonym]
+
Superfm. †Euraxemydoidea Gaffney et al. 2006
+
Fm. †Euraxemydidae Gaffney et al. 2006
+
G. †Dirqadim Gaffney et al. 2006
G. †Euraxemys Gaffney et al. 2006
G. †Teneremys Broin 1980
+
†Teneremys lapparenti de Broin 1980
Invalid names: Platycheloides nyasae Haughton 1928 [nomen dubium]
Superfm. Podocnemidoidae Cope 1868
+
G. †Amabilis Hermanson et al. 2020
+
†Amabilis uchoensis Hermanson et al. 2020
G. †Roxochelys Price 1953
+
†Roxochelys vilavilensis de Broin 1971
†Roxochelys wanderleyi Price 1953
+
Invalid names: Cambaremys langertoni França and Langer 2005 [synonym]
Invalid names: Roxochelys harrisi Pacheco 1913 [nomen dubium]
Invalid names: Brasilemydidae Lapparent de Broin 2000 [empty]
Superfm. †Podocnemidoidea Gaffney et al. 2006
+
G. †Nostimochelone Georgalis et al. 2013
+
†Nostimochelone lampra Georgalis et al. 2013
Fm. Podocnemididae Cope 1868
+
G. †Albertwoodemys Gaffney et al. 2011
+
†Albertwoodemys testudinum Gaffney et al. 2011
G. †Bairdemys Gaffney and Wood 2002
+
†Bairdemys hartsteini Gaffney and Wood 2002
†Bairdemys healeyorum Weems and Knight 2013
†Bairdemys miocenica Collins and Lynn 1936
†Bairdemys sanchezi Gaffney et al. 2008
†Bairdemys thalassica Ferreira et al. 2015
†Bairdemys venezuelensis Wood and Diaz 1971
†Bairdemys winklerae Gaffney et al. 2008
G. †Bauruemys Suarez 1969
+
†Bauruemys elegans Suarez 1969
Invalid names: Bauruemys brasiliensis Staesche 1937 [nomen dubium]
G. †Brontochelys Gaffney et al. 2011
+
†Brontochelys gaffneyi Wood 1970
G. †Cambaremys França and Langer 2005
G. †Carbonemys Cadena et al. 2012
+
†Carbonemys cofrinii Cadena et al. 2012
G. †Cerrejonemys Cadena et al. 2010
+
†Cerrejonemys wayuunaiki Cadena et al. 2010
G. †Cordichelys Gaffney et al. 2011
+
†Cordichelys antiqua Andrews 1903
G. †Dacquemys Williams 1954
+
†Dacquemys paleomorpha Williams 1954
Subfm. †Erymnochelyinae Broin 1988
+
G. †Andrewsemys Pérez-García 2019
+
†Andrewsemys libyca Andrews 1903
G. †Caninemys Meylan et al. 2009
+
†Caninemys tridentata Meylan et al. 2009
G. †Eocenochelus Pérez-García et al. 2017
+
†Eocenochelus eremberti Broin 1977
†Eocenochelus farresi Pérez-García et al. 2017
†Eocenochelus lacombianus Pérez-García et al. 2017
Tr. †Erymnochelyini de Broin 1988
+
G. †Apeshemys Perez-Garcia 2021
+
†Apeshemys aegyptiaca Andrews 1900
G. †Mokelemys Pérez-García 2022
+
†Mokelemys mbembe Pérez-García 2022
G. †Shetwemys Perez-Garcia 2021
+
†Shetwemys fajumensis Andrews 1903
+
Invalid names: Podocnemis blanckenhorni von Reinach 1903 [synonym]
G. †Neochelys Bergounioux 1954
+
†Neochelys arenarum Broin 1977
†Neochelys bolcensis Bergounioux 1954
†Neochelys capellinii De Zigno 1890
†Neochelys eocaenica de Stefano 1902
†Neochelys franzeni Schleich 1993
†Neochelys laurenti Tong 1998
†Neochelys liriae Pérez-García and Lapparent de Broin 2013
†Neochelys mengaudi Bergounioux 1935
†Neochelys nicolisii Zigno 1890
†Neochelys salmanticensis Jimenez 1971
+
Invalid names: Duerochelys arribasi Jimenez 1975 [synonym], Podocnemis armuniensis Jimenez 1970 [synonym], Podocnemis entodermica Jimenez 1970 [synonym]
†Neochelys zamorensis Jimenez-Fuentes 1992
Invalid names: Polysternum mengaudi Bergounioux 1935 [nomen dubium]
G. †Ragechelus de Lapparent de Broin et al. 2020
+
†Ragechelus sahelica de Lapparent de Broin et al. 2020
G. †Stupendemys Wood 1976
+
†Stupendemys souzai Bocquetin and Melo 2006
G. Erymnochelys Baur 1888
+
G. †Gestemys de la Fuente et al. 2022
+
†Gestemys powelli de la Fuente et al. 2022
G. †Hamadachelys Tong and Buffetaut 1996
+
†Hamadachelys escuilliei Tong and Buffetaut 1996
G. †Kenyemys Wood 1983
+
†Kenyemys williamsi Wood 1983
G. †Lapparentemys Gaffney et al. 2011
+
†Lapparentemys vilavilensis de Broin 1971
G. †Latentemys Gaffney et al. 2011
+
†Latentemys plowdeni Gaffney et al. 2011
G. †Lemurchelys Gaffney et al. 2011
+
†Lemurchelys diasphax Gaffney et al. 2011
G. †Mogharemys Gaffney et al. 2011
+
†Mogharemys blanckenhorni Dacque 1912
G. †Papoulemys Tong 1998
G. †Peiropemys Gaffney et al. 2011
+
†Peiropemys mezzalirai Gaffney et al. 2011
G. Peltocephalus Duméril and Bibron 1835
+
Peltocephalus dumerilianus Schweigger 1812 [Bighead Amazon River turtle]
†Peltocephalus maturin Ferreira et al. 2024
Subfm. Podocnemidinae Cope 1868
+
Unr. †Podocnemidodda Gaffney et al. 2011
+
Invalid names: Erymnochelydand Gaffney et al. 2011 [empty], Podocnemidand Gaffney et al. 2011 [empty]
G. Podocnemis Wagler 1830 [river turtle]
+
†Podocnemis argentinensis Cattoi and Freiberg 1958
†Podocnemis bassleri Williams 1956
†Podocnemis brasiliensis Staesche 1937
Podocnemis erythrocephala Spix 1824 [Red-headed river turtle]
Podocnemis expansa Schweigger 1812
†Podocnemis geologorum Simpson 1943
†Podocnemis harrisi Pacheco 1913
Podocnemis lewyana Dumeril 1852
†Podocnemis medemi Wood 1997
†Podocnemis negrii Carvalho et al. 2002
†Podocnemis pritchardi Wood 1997
†Podocnemis stromeri von Reinach 1903
†Podocnemis tatacoensis Cadena and Vanegas 2023
Podocnemis unifilis Troschel 1848
Podocnemis vogli Muller 1935
Invalid names: Podocnemis bramlyi Fourtau 1918 [nomen dubium], Podocnemis freibergi Agnolin 2004 [nomen dubium]
G. †Shweboemys Swinton 1939
+
†Shweboemys pilgrimi Swinton 1939
Subtr. †Stereogenyina Gaffney et al. 2011
+
Invalid names: Bairdemydita Gaffney et al. 2011 [empty]
Tr. †Stereogenyini Gaffney et al. 2011
+
Unr. †Stereogenyita Gaffney et al. 2011
+
G. †Piramys Prasad 1974
+
†Piramys auffenbergi Prasad 1974
Invalid names: Mogharemydina Gaffney et al. 2011 [empty]
G. †Stereogenys Andrews 1901
+
†Stereogenys cromeri Andrews 1901
Invalid names: Stereogenys podocnemoides Reinach 1903 [nomen dubium]
G. †Turkanemys Wood 2003
+
†Turkanemys pattersoni Wood 2003
Invalid names: Albertwoodemys Gaffney et al. 2011 [valid], Bairdemys Gaffney and Wood 2002 [valid], Bauruemydinae Gaffney et al. 2011 [empty], Bauruemydinae Gaffney et al. 2011 [empty], Bauruemys Suarez 1969 [valid], Brontochelys Gaffney et al. 2011 [valid], Cambaremys França and Langer 2005 [valid], Carbonemys Cadena et al. 2012 [valid], Cerrejonemys Cadena et al. 2010 [valid], Cordichelys Gaffney et al. 2011 [valid], Dacquemys Williams 1954 [valid], Erymnochelyinae Broin 1988 [valid], Erymnochelys Baur 1888 [valid], Gestemys de la Fuente et al. 2022 [valid], Hamadachelys Tong and Buffetaut 1996 [valid], Kenyemys Wood 1983 [valid], Lapparentemys Gaffney et al. 2011 [valid], Latentemys Gaffney et al. 2011 [valid], Lemurchelys Gaffney et al. 2011 [valid], Mogharemys Gaffney et al. 2011 [valid], Papoulemys Tong 1998 [valid], Peiropemys Gaffney et al. 2011 [valid], Peltocephalus Duméril and Bibron 1835 [valid], Podocnemidinae Cope 1868 [valid], Podocnemoidea Cope 1868 [empty], Podocnemoidea Cope 1868 [empty], Shweboemys Swinton 1939 [valid], Stereogenyina Gaffney et al. 2011 [valid], Stereogenyini Gaffney et al. 2011 [valid], Stereogenys Andrews 1901 [valid], Turkanemys Wood 2003 [valid]
Unr. †Podocnemidinura Gaffney et al. 2006
+
G. †Brasilemys Lapparent de Broin 2000
+
†Brasilemys josai Lapparent de Broin 2000
G. †Portezueloemys de la Fuente 2003
+
†Portezueloemys patagonica de la Fuente 2003
Unr. †Sahonachelyidae Joyce et al. 2021
+
G. †Sahonachelys Joyce et al. 2021
+
†Sahonachelys mailakavava Joyce et al. 2021
G. †Sokatra Gaffney and Krause 2011
+
†Sokatra antitra Gaffney and Krause 2011
Invalid names: Chrysemys montolivensis Roman 1897 [invalid subgroup], Naiadochelys Hay 1908 [nomen dubium], Panpodocnemidae Joyce et al. 2004 [empty], Taphrosphys dares Hay 1908 [nomen dubium]
Fm. Podocnemididae Cope 1868
+
G. †Albertwoodemys Gaffney et al. 2011
+
†Albertwoodemys testudinum Gaffney et al. 2011
G. †Bairdemys Gaffney and Wood 2002
+
†Bairdemys hartsteini Gaffney and Wood 2002
†Bairdemys healeyorum Weems and Knight 2013
†Bairdemys miocenica Collins and Lynn 1936
†Bairdemys sanchezi Gaffney et al. 2008
†Bairdemys thalassica Ferreira et al. 2015
†Bairdemys venezuelensis Wood and Diaz 1971
†Bairdemys winklerae Gaffney et al. 2008
G. †Bauruemys Suarez 1969
+
†Bauruemys elegans Suarez 1969
Invalid names: Bauruemys brasiliensis Staesche 1937 [nomen dubium]
G. †Brontochelys Gaffney et al. 2011
+
†Brontochelys gaffneyi Wood 1970
G. †Cambaremys França and Langer 2005
G. †Carbonemys Cadena et al. 2012
+
†Carbonemys cofrinii Cadena et al. 2012
G. †Cerrejonemys Cadena et al. 2010
+
†Cerrejonemys wayuunaiki Cadena et al. 2010
G. †Cordichelys Gaffney et al. 2011
+
†Cordichelys antiqua Andrews 1903
G. †Dacquemys Williams 1954
+
†Dacquemys paleomorpha Williams 1954
Subfm. †Erymnochelyinae Broin 1988
+
G. †Andrewsemys Pérez-García 2019
+
†Andrewsemys libyca Andrews 1903
G. †Caninemys Meylan et al. 2009
+
†Caninemys tridentata Meylan et al. 2009
G. †Eocenochelus Pérez-García et al. 2017
+
†Eocenochelus eremberti Broin 1977
†Eocenochelus farresi Pérez-García et al. 2017
†Eocenochelus lacombianus Pérez-García et al. 2017
Tr. †Erymnochelyini de Broin 1988
+
G. †Apeshemys Perez-Garcia 2021
+
†Apeshemys aegyptiaca Andrews 1900
G. †Mokelemys Pérez-García 2022
+
†Mokelemys mbembe Pérez-García 2022
G. †Shetwemys Perez-Garcia 2021
+
†Shetwemys fajumensis Andrews 1903
+
Invalid names: Podocnemis blanckenhorni von Reinach 1903 [synonym]
G. †Neochelys Bergounioux 1954
+
†Neochelys arenarum Broin 1977
†Neochelys bolcensis Bergounioux 1954
†Neochelys capellinii De Zigno 1890
†Neochelys eocaenica de Stefano 1902
†Neochelys franzeni Schleich 1993
†Neochelys laurenti Tong 1998
†Neochelys liriae Pérez-García and Lapparent de Broin 2013
†Neochelys mengaudi Bergounioux 1935
†Neochelys nicolisii Zigno 1890
†Neochelys salmanticensis Jimenez 1971
+
Invalid names: Duerochelys arribasi Jimenez 1975 [synonym], Podocnemis armuniensis Jimenez 1970 [synonym], Podocnemis entodermica Jimenez 1970 [synonym]
†Neochelys zamorensis Jimenez-Fuentes 1992
Invalid names: Polysternum mengaudi Bergounioux 1935 [nomen dubium]
G. †Ragechelus de Lapparent de Broin et al. 2020
+
†Ragechelus sahelica de Lapparent de Broin et al. 2020
G. †Stupendemys Wood 1976
+
†Stupendemys souzai Bocquetin and Melo 2006
G. Erymnochelys Baur 1888
+
G. †Gestemys de la Fuente et al. 2022
+
†Gestemys powelli de la Fuente et al. 2022
G. †Hamadachelys Tong and Buffetaut 1996
+
†Hamadachelys escuilliei Tong and Buffetaut 1996
G. †Kenyemys Wood 1983
+
†Kenyemys williamsi Wood 1983
G. †Lapparentemys Gaffney et al. 2011
+
†Lapparentemys vilavilensis de Broin 1971
G. †Latentemys Gaffney et al. 2011
+
†Latentemys plowdeni Gaffney et al. 2011
G. †Lemurchelys Gaffney et al. 2011
+
†Lemurchelys diasphax Gaffney et al. 2011
G. †Mogharemys Gaffney et al. 2011
+
†Mogharemys blanckenhorni Dacque 1912
G. †Papoulemys Tong 1998
G. †Peiropemys Gaffney et al. 2011
+
†Peiropemys mezzalirai Gaffney et al. 2011
G. Peltocephalus Duméril and Bibron 1835
+
Peltocephalus dumerilianus Schweigger 1812 [Bighead Amazon River turtle]
†Peltocephalus maturin Ferreira et al. 2024
Subfm. Podocnemidinae Cope 1868
+
Unr. †Podocnemidodda Gaffney et al. 2011
+
Invalid names: Erymnochelydand Gaffney et al. 2011 [empty], Podocnemidand Gaffney et al. 2011 [empty]
G. Podocnemis Wagler 1830 [river turtle]
+
†Podocnemis argentinensis Cattoi and Freiberg 1958
†Podocnemis bassleri Williams 1956
†Podocnemis brasiliensis Staesche 1937
Podocnemis erythrocephala Spix 1824 [Red-headed river turtle]
Podocnemis expansa Schweigger 1812
†Podocnemis geologorum Simpson 1943
†Podocnemis harrisi Pacheco 1913
Podocnemis lewyana Dumeril 1852
†Podocnemis medemi Wood 1997
†Podocnemis negrii Carvalho et al. 2002
†Podocnemis pritchardi Wood 1997
†Podocnemis stromeri von Reinach 1903
†Podocnemis tatacoensis Cadena and Vanegas 2023
Podocnemis unifilis Troschel 1848
Podocnemis vogli Muller 1935
Invalid names: Podocnemis bramlyi Fourtau 1918 [nomen dubium], Podocnemis freibergi Agnolin 2004 [nomen dubium]
G. †Shweboemys Swinton 1939
+
†Shweboemys pilgrimi Swinton 1939
Subtr. †Stereogenyina Gaffney et al. 2011
+
Invalid names: Bairdemydita Gaffney et al. 2011 [empty]
Tr. †Stereogenyini Gaffney et al. 2011
+
Unr. †Stereogenyita Gaffney et al. 2011
+
G. †Piramys Prasad 1974
+
†Piramys auffenbergi Prasad 1974
Invalid names: Mogharemydina Gaffney et al. 2011 [empty]
G. †Stereogenys Andrews 1901
+
†Stereogenys cromeri Andrews 1901
Invalid names: Stereogenys podocnemoides Reinach 1903 [nomen dubium]
G. †Turkanemys Wood 2003
+
†Turkanemys pattersoni Wood 2003
Invalid names: Albertwoodemys Gaffney et al. 2011 [valid], Bairdemys Gaffney and Wood 2002 [valid], Bauruemydinae Gaffney et al. 2011 [empty], Bauruemydinae Gaffney et al. 2011 [empty], Bauruemys Suarez 1969 [valid], Brontochelys Gaffney et al. 2011 [valid], Cambaremys França and Langer 2005 [valid], Carbonemys Cadena et al. 2012 [valid], Cerrejonemys Cadena et al. 2010 [valid], Cordichelys Gaffney et al. 2011 [valid], Dacquemys Williams 1954 [valid], Erymnochelyinae Broin 1988 [valid], Erymnochelys Baur 1888 [valid], Gestemys de la Fuente et al. 2022 [valid], Hamadachelys Tong and Buffetaut 1996 [valid], Kenyemys Wood 1983 [valid], Lapparentemys Gaffney et al. 2011 [valid], Latentemys Gaffney et al. 2011 [valid], Lemurchelys Gaffney et al. 2011 [valid], Mogharemys Gaffney et al. 2011 [valid], Papoulemys Tong 1998 [valid], Peiropemys Gaffney et al. 2011 [valid], Peltocephalus Duméril and Bibron 1835 [valid], Podocnemidinae Cope 1868 [valid], Podocnemoidea Cope 1868 [empty], Podocnemoidea Cope 1868 [empty], Shweboemys Swinton 1939 [valid], Stereogenyina Gaffney et al. 2011 [valid], Stereogenyini Gaffney et al. 2011 [valid], Stereogenys Andrews 1901 [valid], Turkanemys Wood 2003 [valid]
Invalid names: Amphichelydidae Hay [empty], Megapleurodira Gaffney et al. 2006 [empty], Minipleurodira Gaffney et al. 2006 [empty], Notoemydidae Fernandez and de la Fuente 1994 [empty], Panpelomedusoides Joyce et al. 2004 [empty], Platychelira Gaffney et al. 2006 [empty]
Diagnosis
ReferenceDiagnosis
O. P. Hay 1908Thecophorous turtles having a carapace composed of costals and peripheral bones and usually a series of neurals and a plastron in which the epiplastra are in contact with the hyoplastra. Mesoplastra present or absent. Intergular scutes developt, the inframarginals wanting. Temporal roof of the skull varying from nearly complete to nearly obsolete. Pterygoids not extending backward between the quadrates and the basisphenoid; broad, with the outer border uprolled. Neck bending sideways; not capable of being withdrawn between the scapulae. Ilia suturally joined to the eighth costals; the pubes and the ischia, to the xiphiplastra.
E. Perrier 1928Cou se rétractant en S clans un plan horizontal, dans l'espace compris entre la carapace et le plastron. Bassin soudé à la carapace par les os iliaques, au plastron par le pubis. Ptérygoïdes en contact sur la ligne médiane, larges, avec une expansion latérale aliforme.
E. S. Gaffney 1975Casichelydians with trochlear sur- face for cartilago transiliens developed on lateral process of pterygoid; processus trochlearis pterygoidei never on otic chamber; joint surface of trochlea consisting of infolded oral mucosa rather than true synovial capsule; quadrate send- ing process medially to braincase elements, ptery- goid rarely extending posteriorly but in any case not preventing quadrate contact with braincase; hyomandibular' nerve contained in own canal separate from canalis cavernosus; mandibular artery failing to exit from foramen nervi tri- gemini but branching off stapedial artery after latter leaves otic region of skull to enter temporal fossa; epipterygoid not ossifying, epipterygoid cartilage apparently absent or greatly reduced in adult, fossa cartilaginis epipterygoidei therefore greatly reduced or absent; articular usually hemi- spherical; foramen palatinum posterius behind
orbit; descending process of prefrontal reduced, not meeting vomer ventromedially.
Head withdrawn by horizontal flexure of neck in advanced forms with attendant development of narrowly spaced zygapophyses, laterally developed transverse processes, and formed central articu- lations; pelvis suturally united to carapace and plastron; cervical (nuchal) scute, intergular scute and mesoplastra present or absent.
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: freshwatersubo
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Life habit: amphibioussubo
Diet: omnivoresubo
Reproduction: oviparoussubo
Comments: life habit and diet based on Uetz 2005subo
Created: 2005-08-26 14:50:50
Modified: 2005-08-26 16:50:50
Source: subo = suborder, c = class, subp = subphylum
References: Hendy et al. 2009, Uetz 2005, Carroll 1988

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Late/Upper Tithonian to the top of the Holocene or 150.80000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 145.0 Ma

Collections (788 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Tithonian152.1 - 145.0Ethiopia (Shewa) Pelomedusidae indet. (48832)
Late/Upper Tithonian - Early/Lower Berriasian150.8 - 140.2Morocco (Oriental) Pleurodira indet., Araripemydidae indet., Taquetochelys sp. (45726)
Berriasian - Hauterivian145.0 - 129.4Brazil (Paraíba) Araripemydidae indet. (58790)
Early/Lower Cretaceous - Aptian145.0 - 113.0Brazil (Ceará) Pelomedusidae indet. (59355)
Late/Upper Valanginian140.2 - 136.4Colombia Pelomedusoides indet. (137831) Podocnemidoidea indet. (118389)
Valanginian139.8 - 132.9Colombia (Santander) Pelomedusoides indet. (213310)
Hauterivian - Barremian132.9 - 125.0Libya (Yafran) Pelomedusidae indet. (69791)
Hauterivian - Barremian132.9 - 125.0Tunisia (Tataouine) Pleurodira indet. (175798)
Late/Upper Barremian130.0 - 125.45Spain (Cuenca) Pelomedusidae indet. (61319)
Late/Upper Barremian130.0 - 125.45Brazil (Alagoas) Pelomedusoides indet. (152472)
Barremian129.4 - 125.0Brazil (Alagoas) Atolchelys lepida (135830)
Aptian125.0 - 113.0Malawi (Northern) Platycheloides nyasae (38911 89853)
Aptian125.0 - 113.0Niger (Agadez) Teneremys lapparenti, Pelomedusidae indet. (37200)
Aptian125.0 - 113.0Argentina (Chubut) Chelidae indet. (208379)
Aptian - Albian125.0 - 100.5Brazil (Ceará) Pelomedusoides indet. (132359)
Aptian - Albian125.0 - 100.5Niger (Agadez) Laganemys tenerensis (133668)
Late/Upper Aptian122.46 - 113.0Argentina (Chubut) Prochelidella cerrobarcinae (26372) Prochelidella sp. (154712)
Late/Upper Aptian122.46 - 113.0Niger (Agadez) Araripemys sp., Teneremys lapparenti, Taquetochelys decorata (77189)
Late/Upper Aptian122.46 - 113.0Brazil (Ceará) Araripemys barretoi (128565) Araripemys barretoi, Cearachelys placidoi, Caririemys violetae (67712) Araripemys barretoi, Euraxemys essweini (83306) Brasilemys josai (92290) Cearachelys placidoi (128568)
Late/Upper Aptian122.46 - 113.0Brazil (Ceara) Araripemys sp., Araripemys arturi (77891)