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Spiriferinida

Rhynchonellata - Spiriferinida

Taxonomy
Spiriferinida was named by Ivanova (1972). It is not extant.

It was assigned to Rhynchonellata by Williams et al. (2006) and Chen and Shi (2006).

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1972Spiriferinida Ivanova
2006Spiriferinida Chen and Shi p. 21
2006Spiriferinida Williams et al. p. 1877

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Protostomia
—Spiralia
superphylumLophotrochozoa
—Lophophorata
RankNameAuthor
—PanbrachiopodaCarlson and Cohen 2020
phylumBrachiopodaCuvier 1805
subphylumRhynchonelliformeaWilliams et al. 1996
classRhynchonellataWilliams et al. 1996
orderSpiriferinidaIvanova 1972
orderSpiriferinidaIvanova 1972

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Or. †Spiriferinida Ivanova 1972
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Subor. †Cyrtinidina Carter and Johnson 1994
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Superfm. †Cyrtinoidea Frederiks 1912
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Fm. †Cyrtinidae Fredericks 1912
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G. †Cyrtina Davidson 1858
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Subg. †Cyrtina (Cyrtina) Davidson 1858
†Cyrtina billingsi Meek 1868
†Cyrtina bouchardi Brice 1988
†Cyrtina burlingtonensis Rowley 1893
†Cyrtina davidsoni Walcott 1884
†Cyrtina hamiltonensis Hall 1857
†Cyrtina katzeri Bittner 1902
†Cyrtina minuta Wang 1985
†Cyrtina varia Clarke 1900
†Cyrtina walteri Bittner 1902
Invalid names: Trochalocyrtina [synonym]
+
†Cyrtinaella biplicata Hall 1857
†Cyrtinaella causa Johnson 1970
G. †Licharewina Kotlyar et al. 2004
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†Licharewina arakii Hayasaka 1963
†Licharewina josephinae Gemmellaro 1899
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Invalid names: Licharewina praetriassica Kotlyar et al. 2004 [synonym]
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†Squamulariina simplex Phillips 1841
Invalid names: Pyramidalia Nalivkin 1947 [synonym]
Fm. †Komiellidae Johnson and Blodgett 1993
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G. †Komiella Liashenko 1985
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†Komiella gilberti Johnson and Blodgett 1993
†Komiella magnasulca Johnson and Blodgett 1993
†Komiella stenoparva Johnson and Blodgett 1993
Superfm. †Spondylospiroidea Hoover 1991
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Fm. †Rastelligeridae Carter 1994
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Subfm. †Dentospiriferininae Carter 1994
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G. †Dentospiriferina Dagys 1965
G. †Orientospira Dagys 1965
G. †Psioidea
Subfm. †Rastelligerinae Carter 1994
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G. †Boreiospira Dagys 1974
G. †Psioidiella Campbell 1968
Fm. †Spondylospiridae Hoover 1991
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Subfm. †Dagyspiriferinae Hoover 1991
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G. †Dagyspirifer Hoover 1991
G. †Pseudospondylospira Hoover 1991
Subfm. †Spondylospirinae Hoover 1991
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G. †Phenacozugmayerella Hoover 1991
G. †Spondylospira Cooper 1942
G. †Yanospira Dagys 1977
G. †Zugmayerella Dagys 1963
Superfm. †Suessioidea Waagen 1883
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Fm. †Bittnerulidae Schuchert 1929
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Subfm. †Bittnerulinae Schuchert 1929
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G. †Bittnerula Hall and Clarke 1894
G. †Leiolepismatina Yang and Xu 1966
G. †Thecocyrtella Bittner 1892
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Invalid names: Cyrtotheca Bittner 1890 [replaced]
G. †Thecocyrtelloidea Yang and Xu 1966
Subfm. †Hirsutellinae Xu and Liu 1983
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G. †Flabellocyrtia Chorowicz and Termier 1975
G. †Hirsutella Cooper and Muir-Wood 1951
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Invalid names: Hirsutina Kirchner 1933 [replaced]
G. †Neocyrtina Yang and Xu 1966
Fm. †Davidsoninidae Ivanova 1972
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G. †Davidsonina Schuchert and LeVene 1929
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Invalid names: Davidsonella Fredericks 1926 [replaced]
Fm. †Laballidae Dagys 1962
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Subfm. †Laballinae Dagys 1962
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G. †Eolaballa Liao and Meng 1986
G. †Laballa
G. †Pseudolaballa Dagys 1974
Subfm. †Paralepismatininae Carter 1994
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G. †Paralepismatina Yang and Xu 1966
Subfm. †Spinolepismatininae Carter 1994
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G. †Klipsteinella Dagys 1974
G. †Klipsteinelloidea Sun 1981
G. †Spinolepismatina Dagys 1974
Fm. †Suessiidae Waagen 1883
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G. †Suessia Below 1987
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†Suessia dissymetrica Revert 1971
†Suessia liasiana Eudes-Deslongchamps 1853
Invalid names: Suessiacea Waagen 1883 [replaced]
Subor. †Spiriferinidina Ivanova 1972
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Superfm. †Pennospiriferinoidea Dagys 1972
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Fm. †Balatonospiridae Dagys 1974
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Subfm. †Balatonospirinae Dagys 1974
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G. †Balatonospira Dagys 1974
G. †Dinarispira Dagys 1974
G. †Nudispiriferina Yang and Xu 1966
G. †Tylospiriferina Xu 1978
Subfm. †Dinarispirinae Dagys 1996
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G. †Qingyenia Yang and Xu 1966
Subfm. †Yalongiinae Carter 1994
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G. †Aequspiriferina Yang and Yin 1962
G. †Sinucostella Xu and Liu 1983
G. †Yalongia Xu and Liu 1983
Fm. †Lepismatinidae Xu and Liu 1983
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Subfm. †Dispiriferininae Carter 1994
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G. †Dispiriferina Siblik 1965
Subfm. †Lepismatininae Xu and Liu 1983
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G. †Altoplicatella Xu and Liu 1983
G. †Lepismatina Wang 1955
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Invalid names: Costispiriferina Dagys 1974 [synonym]
G. †Pseudolepismatina Jin and Sun 1976
G. †Tianjunospina Guo and Chen 2022
Subfm. †Pseudocyrtininae Carter 1994
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G. †Bolilaspirifer Sun 1981
Fm. †Paraspiriferinidae Cooper and Grant 1976
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G. †Callispirina Cooper and Muir-Wood 1951
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†Callispirina austrina Grant 1976
†Callispirina manangensis Waterhouse 1983
†Callispirina ornata Waagen 1883
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Invalid names: Spiriferina insculpta Stuckenberg 1898 [synonym]
†Callispirina rotunda Cooper and Grant 1976
†Callispirina rotundella Xu and Grant 1994
†Callispirina transversa Waterhouse 1983
Invalid names: Maia Fredericks 1924 [replaced], Mansuyella Reed 1944 [replaced]
G. †Lamniplica Waterhouse and Ranga Rao 1989
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†Lamniplica punctata Waterhouse and Ranga Rao 1989
†Lamniplica sapa Waterhouse 1982
G. †Paraspiriferina Reed 1944
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†Paraspiriferina amoena Cooper and Grant 1976
†Paraspiriferina billingsi Shumard 1858
†Paraspiriferina cellulana Cooper and Grant 1976
†Paraspiriferina convexa Cooper 1953
†Paraspiriferina evax Girty 1909
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Invalid names: Spiriferina sulcata Girty 1909 [synonym]
†Paraspiriferina formulosa Cooper and Grant 1976
†Paraspiriferina laqueata Cooper and Grant 1976
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Invalid names: Spiriferina margaritae Gemmellaro 1899 [synonym], Trigonotreta jonesiana King 1850 [synonym]
†Paraspiriferina paginata Cooper and Grant 1976
†Paraspiriferina pulchra Cooper and Grant 1976
†Paraspiriferina rotundata Cooper and Grant 1976
†Paraspiriferina sapinea Cooper and Grant 1976
†Paraspiriferina setulosa Cooper and Grant 1976
G. †Yaonoiella Waterhouse 1983
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†Yaonoiella himalayanica Waterhouse 1983
†Yaonoiella mantajiti Waterhouse 1983
G. †Zaissania
Fm. †Pennospiriferinidae Dagys 1972
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Subfm. †Pennospiriferininae Dagys 1972
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G. †Pennospiriferina Dagys 1965
Subfm. †Punctospirellinae Dagys 1974
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G. †Arionthia Cooper and Grant 1976
G. †Xestotrema Cooper and Grant 1969
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Invalid names: Mucrospiriferinella [synonym]
Fm. †Punctospiriferidae Waterhouse 1975
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G. †Alipunctifera Waterhouse 1975
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†Alipunctifera kaihikuana Trechmann 1917
G. †Lamnaespina Waterhouse 1976
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†Lamnaespina papilionata Hosking 1933
†Lamnaespina transennata Waterhouse 1976
G. †Liriplica
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†Liriplica alta Campbell 1961
G. †Punctospirifer North 1920
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†Punctospirifer adstrictus Chronic 1949
†Punctospirifer afghanus Termier et al. 1974
†Punctospirifer ambiguus Maxwell 1964
†Punctospirifer coronae Schellwien 1892
†Punctospirifer fastigata Schellwien 1900
†Punctospirifer gigas Navarro-Santillan et al. 2002
†Punctospirifer globosa Easton et al. 1958
†Punctospirifer inflatus Chronic 1949
†Punctospirifer patulus Chronic 1949
†Punctospirifer sulcifer Easton et al. 1958
†Punctospirifer transversus McChesney 1860
G. †Yangkongia Xu and Liu 1983
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†Yangkongia bifurcata Yang and Yin 1962
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Invalid names: Yangkongia planofolda Xu and Liu 1983 [synonym], Yangkongia qieermaensis Xu and Liu 1983 [synonym], Yangkongia zhihemaensis Xu and Liu 1983 [synonym]
G. †Ziganella
Fm. †Reticulariinidae Waterhouse 1975
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G. †Altiplecus Stehli 1954
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†Altiplecus argutus Cooper and Grant 1976
†Altiplecus cooperi Stehli 1954
†Altiplecus decipiens Hosking 1933
†Altiplecus deltosus Cooper and Grant 1976
†Altiplecus extensus Cooper and Grant 1976
†Altiplecus glebosus Cooper and Grant 1976
†Altiplecus mongolica Grabau 1931
†Altiplecus periosus Cooper and Grant 1976
†Altiplecus trapezoidalis Cooper and Grant 1976
G. †Gjelispinifera Ivanova 1975
G. †Reticulariina Fredericks 1916
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†Reticulariina atava Chronic 1949
†Reticulariina bufala Cooper and Grant 1976
†Reticulariina cerina Cooper and Grant 1976
†Reticulariina constricta Chronic 1949
†Reticulariina craticula Cooper and Grant 1976
†Reticulariina dieneri Waterhouse 1983
†Reticulariina echinata Cooper and Grant 1976
†Reticulariina fruticosa Chronic 1949
†Reticulariina girtyi Cooper and Grant 1976
†Reticulariina hueconiana Cooper and Grant 1976
†Reticulariina impressa Cooper and Grant 1976
†Reticulariina laxa Girty 1909
†Reticulariina montana Waterhouse 1983
†Reticulariina netchaewi Ivanova 1960
†Reticulariina newelli Stehli 1954
†Reticulariina phoxa Cooper and Grant 1976
†Reticulariina powwowensis Cooper and Grant 1976
†Reticulariina pristina Cooper and Grant 1976
†Reticulariina pusilla Cooper and Grant 1976
†Reticulariina roscida Cooper and Grant 1976
†Reticulariina senticosa Cooper and Grant 1976
†Reticulariina sonorensis Cooper 1953
†Reticulariina spinosa Norwood and Pratten 1855
†Reticulariina strigosa Cooper and Grant 1976
†Reticulariina subulata Cooper and Grant 1976
†Reticulariina tetrica Cooper and Grant 1976
†Reticulariina venustula Cooper and Grant 1976
†Reticulariina welleri Girty 1909
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†Spinuliplica spinulosa Campbell 1961
Fm. †Sarganostegidae Cooper and Grant 1976
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G. †Sarganostega Cooper and Grant 1969
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†Sarganostega murata Cooper and Grant 1976
†Sarganostega pressa Cooper and Grant 1976
†Sarganostega prisca Cooper and Grant 1976
†Sarganostega transversalis Cooper and Grant 1969
Fm. †Spiriferellinidae Ivanova 1972
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G. †Crenispirifer Stehli 1954
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†Crenispirifer alpheus Huang 1933
†Crenispirifer dzhulfensis Ivanova 1965
†Crenispirifer effrenus Cooper and Grant 1976
†Crenispirifer jubatus Cooper and Grant 1976
†Crenispirifer myllus Cooper and Grant 1976
†Crenispirifer nakamurai Tazawa and Shintani 2014
†Crenispirifer sagus Cooper and Grant 1976
G. †Lancangjiangia Jin and Fang 1977
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†Lancangjiangia spinosa Jin and Fang 1977
G. †Metriolepis Cooper and Grant 1976
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†Metriolepis carotica Cooper and Grant 1976
†Metriolepis diabloensis Cooper and Grant 1976
†Metriolepis exserta Cooper and Grant 1976
†Metriolepis irenae Stehli 1954
†Metriolepis kuzuensis Tazawa 2012
†Metriolepis larina Cooper and Grant 1976
†Metriolepis nabis Cooper and Grant 1976
†Metriolepis pedicosa Cooper and Grant 1976
†Metriolepis pinea Cooper and Grant 1976
†Metriolepis pulvinata Cooper and Grant 1976
†Metriolepis scrupea Cooper and Grant 1976
†Metriolepis tegulata Cooper and Grant 1976
†Metriolepis ziczac Cooper and Grant 1976
G. †Pseudospiriferina Yang and Xu 1966
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†Pseudospiriferina lipoldiformis Yang and Yin 1962
†Pseudospiriferina multicostata Yang and Xu 1966
†Pseudospiriferina paucicostata Yang and Yin 1962
†Pseudospiriferina pinguis Yang and Xu 1966
†Pseudospiriferina tsinghaiensis Yang and Yin 1962
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Invalid names: Pseudospiriferina biplicata Xu and Liu 1983 [synonym], Spiriferina pauciplicata Yang and Yin 1962 [synonym]
†Pseudospiriferina variabilis Yang and Xu 1966
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†Spiriferellina aduncata Waterhouse and Piyasin 1970
†Spiriferellina anguliplica Waterhouse 1987
†Spiriferellina cristata von Schlotheim 1816
†Spiriferellina disparata Waterhouse 1987
†Spiriferellina hilli Girty 1909
†Spiriferellina lacunosa Waterhouse 1968
†Spiriferellina lata Lane 1963
†Spiriferellina nanbuensis Tazawa and Shintani 2014
†Spiriferellina nasuta Waagen 1883
†Spiriferellina nasuta Cooper and Grant 1976
†Spiriferellina nuda Cooper and Grant 1976
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Invalid names: Metriolepis asiatica Liang 1990 [synonym], Metriolepis pollostosa Liang 1990 [synonym], Punctospirifer shenzhouensis Liang 1990 [synonym]
†Spiriferellina paucicostata Cooper and Grant 1976
†Spiriferellina pokrowskensis Glushenko 1975
†Spiriferellina quadriplicata Waterhouse 1987
†Spiriferellina quantula Glushenko 1975
†Spiriferellina rouxi Mansuy 1913
†Spiriferellina tareica Chernyak 1963
†Spiriferellina tricosa Cooper and Grant 1976
†Spiriferellina vescula Cooper and Grant 1976
G. †Sulcispiriferina Waterhouse and Gupta 1982
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†Sulcispiriferina plicata Waterhouse and Gupta 1982
†Sulcispiriferina vihiana Davidson 1866
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Invalid names: Spirifera kashmeriensis Davidson 1866 [synonym]
G. †Tulungospirifer Jin and Sun 1976
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Fm. †Spiropunctiferidae Carter 1994
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G. †Genuspirifer Liang 1990
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Superfm. †Spiriferinoidea Davidson 1884
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Fm. †Mentzeliidae Dagys 1974
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Subfm. †Madoinae He and Chen 2016
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G. †Madoia Sun and Ye 1982
Subfm. †Mentzeliinae Dagys 1974
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G. †Dagyssia Gaetani and Mantovani 2015
G. †Koeveskallina Dagys 1965
G. †Liaous He and Chen 2016
G. †Mentzelia Quenstedt 1871
G. †Paramentzelia Xu 1978
Subfm. †Tethyspirinae Carter 1994
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G. †Ptychomentzelia Gaetani and Mantovani 2015
G. †Spondylospiriferina Dagys 1972
G. †Tethyspira Siblík 1991
Fm. †Paralaballidae Carter 1994
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G. †Cisnerospira Manceñido 2004
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†Cisnerospira adscendens Deslongchamps 1858
†Cisnerospira angulata Oppel 1861
†Cisnerospira antipoda MacFarlan 2023
†Cisnerospira carmelinae Seguenza 1885
†Cisnerospira darwini Gemmellaro 1878
†Cisnerospira depressa Seguenza 1885
†Cisnerospira geyeri Di Stefano 1891
†Cisnerospira gibba Seguenza 1886
†Cisnerospira meneghiniana Canavari 1880
†Cisnerospira sylvia Gemmellaro 1878
†Cisnerospira zignoi Di Stefano 1891
G. †Paralaballa Sun 1981
+
Fm. †Sinucostidae Xu and Liu 1983
+
Subfm. †Sinucostinae Xu and Liu 1983
+
G. †Mentzeliopsis Trechmann 1917
G. †Qispiriferina Xu and Liu 1983
G. †Sinucosta Dagys 1963
+
Invalid names: Guseriplia Dagys 1963 [synonym]
Fm. †Spiriferinidae Davidson 1884
+
Subfm. †Jiangdaspiriferinae Carter 1994
+
G. †Jiangdaspirifer Chen et al. 1986
G. †Mentzelioides Dagys 1974
G. †Viligella Dagys 1965
Subfm. †Qinghaispiriferininae He and Chen 2016
+
G. †Liospiriferina Rousselle 1977
G. †Qinghaispiriferina Sun and Ye 1982
Subfm. †Spiriferininae Davidson 1884
+
G. †Calyptoria Cooper 1989
+
Invalid names: Cingolospiriferina [synonym]
G. †Spiriferina d'Orbigny 1847
Subfm. †Triadispirinae He and Chen 2016
+
Superfm. †Syringothyridoidea Frederiks 1926
+
Fm. †Dimegelasmidae Carter 1994
+
G. †Dimegelasma Cooper 1942
+
†Dimegalasma eurekensis Lintz and Lohr 1958
Invalid names: Doescherella [synonym]
Fm. †Licharewiidae Sliusareva 1958
+
G. †Labuella Solomina 2001
+
†Labuella kolymaensis Tolmatschew 1912
+
†Licharewia angustiplicata Zavodovsky 1959
†Licharewia curvirostris de Verneuil 1845
†Licharewia grewingki Netschajew 1911
†Licharewia multiplicata Lee and Gu 1976
†Licharewia neosibirica Einor 1959
†Licharewia rugulata Kutorga 1842
†Licharewia schrenki Keyserling 1846
†Licharewia stuckenbergi Netschajew 1900
†Licharewia tsaregradskyi Zavodovsky 1958
†Licharewia tumida Zavodovsky 1959
†Licharewia voengaensis Licharew 1934
†Licharewia yichunensis Lee and Su 1980
G. †Nahoniella Shi 1998
+
†Nahoniella plana Shi and Waterhouse 1996
Invalid names: Yukonella Shi and Waterhouse 1996 [replaced]
G. †Neotumarinia Solomina 2001
+
†Neotumarinia barajensis Solomina 1973
G. †Olgerdia Grigorjeva 1977
G. †Orulgania
+
†Orulgania gunbiniana Kotlyar 1968
†Orulgania naumovi Solomina and Chernyak 1961
+
Invalid names: Orulgania einori Solomina and Chernyak 1961 [synonym]
†Orulgania olgae Grigorjeva 1968
†Orulgania sibirica Einor 1939
G. †Penzhinella Solomina 1985
+
†Penzhinella micluchomaclayi Zavodovsky 1959
†Penzhinella sverbilovae Solomina 1985
+
†Permospirifer keyserlingi Netschajew 1911
†Permospirifer kulikovi Slussareva 1960
†Permospirifer wardakensis Legrand-Blain 1968
G. †Pyramidathyris Hu 1983
+
G. †Tumarinia Solomina and Grigorjeva 1973
+
†Tumarinia boskhoensis Solomina 1988
†Tumarinia ganelini Grigorjeva 1977
†Tumarinia keyserlingiformis Solomina 1988
†Tumarinia latiareata Netschajew 1900
†Tumarinia ochotnikovi Zavodovsky 1958
†Tumarinia orientalis Grigorjeva 1973
†Tumarinia uldsiensis Manankov 2019
†Tumarinia wimani Gobbett 1964
†Tumarinia yukonica Shi and Waterhouse 1996
†Tumarinia zavodowskii Grigorjeva 1977
G. †Tuotalania Hu 1983
+
Fm. †Syringothyrididae Fredericks 1926
+
Subfm. †Permasyrinxinae Waterhouse 1986
+
G. †Asyrinxia
G. †Cundaria Archbold 1996
G. †Cyrtella Fredericks 1924
+
Invalid names: Asyrinx [synonym], Punctocyrtella Plodowski 1968 [synonym]
G. †Kungaella Solomina 1988
G. †Kyutepia Klets 1998
G. †Myodelthyrium Thomas 1985
G. †Pachycyrtella Angiolini 2001
G. †Petinospiriferina Shen and Clapham 2009
G. †Primorewia Licharew and Kotlyar 1978
G. †Pseudosyringothyris Fredericks 1916
G. †Subansiria Sahni and Srivastava 1956
G. †Syrella Archbold 1996
G. †Woolagia Archbold 1997
Subfm. †Septosyringothyridinae Termier and Termier 1974
+
Subfm. †Syringothyridinae Fredericks 1926
+
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: low Mg calcitep
Environment: marineuc
Locomotion: stationaryo
Attached: yesp
Life habit: low-level epifaunalo
Diet: suspension feedero
Vision: blindc
Created: 2018-11-10 18:08:52
Modified: 2018-11-10 18:08:52
Source: o = order, c = class, p = phylum, uc = unranked clade
References: Nesnidal et al. 2013, Aberhan et al. 2004

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Llandovery to the top of the Early/Lower Jurassic or 443.40000 to 174.70000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 433.4 Ma

Collections (4550 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Paleozoic - Triassic538.8 - 201.4Chile (Ovalle) Punctospirifer sp. (222433)
Llandovery443.4 - 433.4USA (New York) Cyrtina sp. (463)
Sheinwoodian433.4 - 430.5USA (New York) Cyrtina pyramidalis (82511)
Wenlock433.4 - 427.4USA (New York) Cyrtina sp. (473)
Wenlock - Ludlow433.4 - 423.0Canada (Northwest Territories) Cyrtina sp. (188869)
Ludlow427.4 - 423.0China (Xinjiang) Spiriferina sp. (27769)
Ludlow427.4 - 423.0Canada (Northwest Territories) Cyrtina sp. (534)
Ludlow - Pridoli427.4 - 419.2Ukraine Syringothyris multifaria (23427)
Ludlow - Pridoli427.4 - 419.2USA (California) Cyrtina sp. (79807)
Ludlow - Pridoli427.4 - 419.2China (Gansu) Cyrtina pracedens, Cyrtina praecedens (27757)
Pridoli - Lochkovian423.0 - 410.8USA (Oklahoma) Cyrtina dalmani (26826)
Pridoli - Helderbergian423.0 - 393.3Ukraine Cyrtina praecedens (23488)
Helderbergian - Lochkovian419.2 - 410.8Ukraine Cyrtina praecedens (13875)
Lochkovian419.2 - 410.8USA (Tennessee) Cyrtina sp. (26852)
Lochkovian419.2 - 410.8Morocco Cyrtina praecedens (13935)
Lochkovian419.2 - 410.8USA (California) Cyrtina sp. (24910)
Lochkovian419.2 - 410.8Canada (British Columbia) Cyrtina sp. (26567 26568 26570 26571)
Lochkovian419.2 - 410.8China (Guangxi) Cyrtina praecedens (12923 41053)
Lochkovian419.2 - 410.8Czech Republic Cyrtina praecedens (235196)
Lochkovian419.2 - 410.8Poland Cyrtina praecedens, Cyrtina utrimquesulcata (13878)