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Spyroceratidae
Taxonomy
Spyroceratidae was named by Shimizu and Obata (1935). It is not extant.
It was synonymized subjectively with Pseudorthoceratidae by Flower (1962); it was reranked as the subfamily Spyroceratinae by Sweet (1964), Chen et al. (1981).
It was assigned to Cephalopoda by Ulrich et al. (1944); to Pseudorthoceratidae by Sweet (1964), Chen et al. (1981); to Orthocerida by Niko et al. (2000); and to Pseudorthocerida by Kröger (2008).
It was synonymized subjectively with Pseudorthoceratidae by Flower (1962); it was reranked as the subfamily Spyroceratinae by Sweet (1964), Chen et al. (1981).
It was assigned to Cephalopoda by Ulrich et al. (1944); to Pseudorthoceratidae by Sweet (1964), Chen et al. (1981); to Orthocerida by Niko et al. (2000); and to Pseudorthocerida by Kröger (2008).
Subtaxa
Adnatoceras, Anastomoceras, Atahococeras, Bitaunioceras, Cancellspyroceras, Cryptorthoceras, Cyrtospyroceras, Cyrtothoracoceras, Diagoceras, Euloxoceras, Fusicoceras, Geisonoceroides, Gordonoceras, Lopingoceras, Palaeospyroceras, Palmeroceras, Petryoceras, Pseudocycloceras, Reticycloceras, Sceptrites, Shikhanoceras, Spyroceras, Suloceras, Tripteroceroides
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1935 | Spyroceratidae Shimizu and Obata |
| 1944 | Spyroceratidae Ulrich et al. |
| 1964 | Spyroceratinae Sweet p. 246 |
| 1981 | Spyroceratinae Chen et al. p. 43 |
| 2000 | Spyroceratidae Niko et al. pp. 84-85 |
| 2008 | Spyroceratidae Kröger |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Fm. †Spyroceratidae Shimizu and Obata 1935
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G. †Anastomoceras Flower 1939
G. †Bitaunioceras Shimizu and Obata 1936
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†Bitaunioceras buckhornense Niko et al. 2018
†Bitaunioceras coahuilense Miller 1944
†Bitaunioceras inordinatum Shimanskiy 1996
†Bitaunioceras krotowi Dewingthal 1951
†Bitaunioceras texanum Miller and Youngquist 1947
†Bitaunioceras undulatum Niko and Nishida 1987
†Bitaunioceras zonatum Gemmellaro 1889
G. †Cryptorthoceras Flower 1939
G. †Cyrtospyroceras Flower 1938
G. †Cyrtothoracoceras Turner 1964
G. †Euloxoceras Miller et al. 1933
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†Euloxoceras angustius Gordon 1964
†Euloxoceras greenei Miller et al. 1933
†Euloxoceras greenei praecursor Gordon 1964
†Euloxoceras greeni Dunbar and Condra 1933
G. †Fusicoceras Flower 1939
G. †Geisonoceroides Flower 1939
G. †Gordonoceras Teichert and Glenister 1953
G. †Lopingoceras Shimanskiy 1962
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†Lopingoceras acutanolatum Zhao et al. 1978
†Lopingoceras bicinctum Abich 1878
†Lopingoceras guangdeense Zhao et al. 1978
†Lopingoceras lopingense Stoyanow 1910
G. †Palaeospyroceras Chen et al. 1981
G. †Palmeroceras Flower 1936
G. †Petryoceras Flower 1939
G. †Pseudocycloceras Barskov 1959
G. †Reticycloceras Gordon 1960
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†Reticycloceras croneisi Gordon 1960
†Reticycloceras girtyi Gordon 1964
†Reticycloceras peytonense Gordon 1964
†Reticycloceras sequoyahense Snider 1915
G. †Sceptrites Flower 1939
G. †Spyroceras Hyatt 1884
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†Spyroceras baffinense Schuchert 1900
†Spyroceras bilineatum Hall 1847
†Spyroceras boreale Foerste and Savage 1927
†Spyroceras chambliense Foerste 1924
†Spyroceras clathratoannulatum Roemer 1861
†Spyroceras crotalum Hall 1879
†Spyroceras cylindratum Foerste 1932
†Spyroceras cyrtopatronus Kröger 2008
†Spyroceras damesi Krause 1877
†Spyroceras ferum Billings 1866
†Spyroceras fukuijense Niko 1996
†Spyroceras giganteum Flower 1945
†Spyroceras latepatronus Kröger 2008
†Spyroceras middlevillense Foerste 1928
†Spyroceras olorus Hall 1879
†Spyroceras patronus Barrande 1866
†Spyroceras perlaeve Strand 1934
†Spyroceras persculptum Ruedemann 1926
†Spyroceras textumarenaceum Roemer 1861
G. †Tripteroceroides Miller and Furnish 1940
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: c = class | |||||
| Reference: Kiessling 2004 | |||||
Age range: base of the Middle Ordovician to the top of the Changhsingian or 470.00000 to 252.17000 Ma
Collections (333 total)
Oldest occurrences | |||
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Middle Ordovician | USA (New York) | Spyroceras sp. (333) | |
| Chazyan | Canada (Quebec) | Orthoceras bilineatum (172350) | |
| Whiterockian | USA (California) | Spyroceras sp. (119483 219321) | |
| Middle Ordovician - Late/Upper Ordovician | Canada (Manitoba) | Spyroceras sp. (24165) | |
| Middle Ordovician - Late/Upper Ordovician | Canada (Saskatchewan) | Spyroceras sp. (24164) | |
| Middle Ordovician - Late/Upper Ordovician | Canada (Nunavut) | Spyroceras sp. (24125 24161 24220) | |
| Caradoc | Canada (Ontario) | Cycloceras persculptum (26297) | |
| Caradoc | Canada (Northwest Territories) | Spyroceras sp. (188776) | |
| Late/Upper Ordovician | USA (Wyoming) | Spyroceras sp. (24167) | |
| Late/Upper Ordovician | Canada (Quebec) | Spyroceras sp. (24172 24173 24174) | |
Youngest occurrences |
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| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | PBDB collection number |
| Changhsingian | Azerbaijan | Lopingoceras lopingense (110603 110604) | |
| Changhsingian | China (Guangxi) | Lopingoceras lopingense (111768) Lopingoceras sp. (149216) | |
| Changhsingian | China (Zhejiang) | Lopingoceras guangdeense (111636) | |
| Changhsingian | China (Shaanxi) | Lopingoceras sp. (149073) | |
| Changhsingian | China (Guizhou) | Lopingoceras acutanolatum (117481) Lopingoceras bicinctum (121697) Lopingoceras lopingense (111980 112093) Lopingoceras sp. (149295 151125 151126) | |
| Changhsingian | China (Anhui) | Lopingoceras guangdeense, Lopingoceras lopingense (97298) | |
| Changhsingian | China (Hubei) | Lopingoceras sp. (95721) | |
| Changhsingian | China (Fujian) | Lopingoceras guangdeense (95479) | |
| Changhsingian | China (Chongqing) | Lopingoceras sp. (149258) | |
| Changhsingian | China (Sichuan) | Lopingoceras sp. (111605 111609 111614 121416 149078 149088 149089) | |