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Squalidae (dogfish shark)
Taxonomy
Squalidae was named by Bonaparte (1834) [also attributed to Blainville 1816]. It is extant. Its type is Squalus.
It was assigned to Plagiostomi by Owen (1859), Leidy (1873); to Squaloidei by Jordan (1963); to Squaliformes by Cassier (1966); to Squaliformes by Cicimurri et al. (2022); and to Squaliformes by Bendix-Almgreen (1983), Long (1992), Biddle (1993), Cvancara and Hoganson (1993), Bigelow (1994), Laurito (1996), Purdy et al. (2001), Kriwet (2003), Underwood (2006), Adnet et al. (2008), Bogan et al. (2016), Nelson et al. (2016), Kent (2018), Villafaña et al. (2020), Feichtinger et al. (2024).
It was assigned to Plagiostomi by Owen (1859), Leidy (1873); to Squaloidei by Jordan (1963); to Squaliformes by Cassier (1966); to Squaliformes by Cicimurri et al. (2022); and to Squaliformes by Bendix-Almgreen (1983), Long (1992), Biddle (1993), Cvancara and Hoganson (1993), Bigelow (1994), Laurito (1996), Purdy et al. (2001), Kriwet (2003), Underwood (2006), Adnet et al. (2008), Bogan et al. (2016), Nelson et al. (2016), Kent (2018), Villafaña et al. (2020), Feichtinger et al. (2024).
Subtaxa
Acanthidium, Acanthorhinus, Atractophorus, Centrophoroides, Centroscyllium, Centrosqualus, Dalatiinae, Entoxychirus, Lepidorhinus, Machephilus, Megasqualus, Microetmopterus, Nasisqualus, Paracentroscyllium, Protocentrophorus, Protosqualus, Scymnodon, Spinax, Squalinae, Squalus (syn. Acanthias) (type genus), Zameus
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1834 | Squalidae Bonaparte |
| 1859 | Squalidae Owen p. 118 |
| 1873 | Squalidae Leidy p. 351 |
| 1904 | Spinacidae Chapman and Pritchard p. 269 |
| 1963 | Squalidae Jordan p. 601 |
| 1966 | Squalidae Cassier p. 62 |
| 1983 | Squalidae Bendix-Almgreen p. 2 |
| 1992 | Squalidae Long p. 15 |
| 1993 | Squalidae Biddle p. 198 |
| 1993 | Squalidae Cvancara and Hoganson p. 3 |
| 1994 | Squalidae Bigelow p. 680 |
| 1996 | Squalidae Laurito p. 88 |
| 2001 | Squalidae Purdy et al. p. 87 |
| 2003 | Squalidae Kriwet p. 592 |
| 2006 | Squalidae Underwood p. 234 |
| 2008 | Squalidae Adnet et al. p. 713 |
| 2016 | Squalidae Bogan et al. |
| 2016 | Squalidae Nelson et al. p. 77 |
| 2018 | Squalidae Kent p. 59 |
| 2020 | Squalidae Villafaña et al. p. 729 |
| 2022 | Squalidae Cicimurri et al. |
| 2024 | Squalidae Feichtinger et al. p. 4 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Fm. Squalidae Bonaparte 1834 [dogfish shark]
show all | hide all
G. †Acanthidium Lowe 1839
G. †Acanthorhinus Blainville 1816
G. †Atractophorus Gilchrist 1922
G. †Centroscyllium Müller and Henle 1838
G. †Centrosqualus Signeux 1950
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†Centrosqualus appendiculatus Agassiz 1835
†Centrosqualus mustardi Cappetta et al. 2019
G. †Entoxychirus Gill 1862
G. †Lepidorhinus Bonaparte 1845
G. †Machephilus Johnson 1867
G. †Megasqualus Herman 1982
G. †Nasisqualus Smith 1912
G. †Paracentroscyllium Alcock 1899
G. †Protocentrophorus Adnet et al. 2008
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†Protocentrophorus balticus Dalinkevičius 1935
†Protocentrophorus steviae Cappetta et al. 2019
G. †Protosqualus Cappetta 1977
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†Protosqualus argentinensis Bogan et al. 2016
†Protosqualus barringtonensis Guinot et al. 2013
†Protosqualus glickmani Averianov 1997
†Protosqualus pachyrhiza Underwood and Mitchell 1999
†Protosqualus sigei Cappetta 1977
G. †Spinax Agassiz 1837
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†Spinax ellipticus Henry 1876
†Spinax laevis Henry 1876
†Spinax major Agassiz 1837
G. Squalus Linnaeus 1758
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Squalus acanthias Linnaeus 1758 [spiny dogfish]
†Squalus ballingsloevensis Siverson 1993
†Squalus balsvikensis Siverson 1993
†Squalus cinereus Gmelin 1789
†Squalus crenatidens Arambourg 1952
†Squalus gabrielsoni Siverson 1993
†Squalus latidens Davis 1887
†Squalus minor Daimeries 1888
†Squalus nicholsae Cappetta et al. 2019
†Squalus orpiensis Winkler 1874
Squalus perlo Bonnaterre 1788
†Squalus serriculus Jordan and Hanibal 1923
†Squalus stehlini Leriche 1938
†Squalus suckleyi Girard 1854
†Squalus vondermarcki Müller and Schöllmann 1989
†Squalus weltoni Long 1992
†Squalus woodburnei Long 1992
Invalid names: Acanthias Leach 1818 [objective synonym]
G. †Zameus Jordan and Fowler 1903
Invalid names: Dalatiinae Gray 1851 [empty], Spinacidae [synonym], Squalinae Bonaparte 1834 [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: o = order, subp = subphylum | |||||
| References: Wagner 2023, Hendy et al. 2009, Carroll 1988 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Rhaetian to the top of the Middle Pleistocene or 205.70000 to 0.12900 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 201.4 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 201.4 Ma
Collections (208 total)
Oldest occurrences | |||
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rhaetian | France (Franche-Comté) | Spinax ellipticus, Spinax laevis (149396) | |
| Rhaetian | France (Bourgogne-Franche-Comté) | Spinax sp. (90876) | |
| Late/Upper Barremian | United Kingdom (England) | Protosqualus sp. (213572 213573) | |
| Early/Lower Albian | United Kingdom (England) | Protosqualus sigei (213321 213322 213323 213324) | |
| Early/Lower Albian | France (Marne) | Protosqualus sigei (235560) | |
| Middle Albian | France (Haute-Marne) | Protosqualus sigei (235569) | |
| Middle Albian | France (Marne) | Protosqualus sigei (169108 235563 235567) | |
| Middle Albian | United Kingdom (England) | Protosqualus sigei (213325 213326 213366 213367) | |
| Late/Upper Albian | Ukraine | Protosqualus glickmani (214242) | |
| Late/Upper Albian | Lithuania | Acanthias appendiculatus (213709) Protosqualus glickmani (90730) Spinax major, Acanthias appendiculatus (213710) | |
| Late/Upper Albian | United Kingdom (England) | Protosqualus sigei (213327 213328 213329 213330 213331 213332 213333 213334 213335 213336 213337 213339 213340 213344 213346 213348 213370 213371 213374) Protosqualus sigei, Protosqualus pachyrhiza (213369 213372 213373) Squalidae indet. (213345) Squalidae indet., Protosqualus sigei (213351) | |
| Late/Upper Albian | France | Protosqualus sigei (214872) | |
| Cenomanian | Germany (Westphalia) | Protosqualus siegei (210063) | |
| Cenomanian | Lithuania | Spinax major, Acanthias appendiculatus (213716) | |
| Early/Lower Cenomanian | India (Tamil Nadu) | Protosqualus sp. (110178) | |
| Early/Lower Cenomanian | United Kingdom (England) | Protosqualus barringtonensis (213567) Protosqualus sigei (213355 213356 213358 213359 213363) Squalus sp. (213364) | |
| Late/Upper Cenomanian | Lithuania | Acanthias appendiculatus (213711 213713) Spinax major, Acanthias appendiculatus (213720) Squalus sp., Centrophorus balticus, Acanthias appendiculatus (213719) | |
| Middle Cenomanian | United Kingdom (England) | Protosqualus barringtonensis (213569 213570) Squalus sp., Protosqualus sigei (213365) | |
| Late/Upper Cretaceous | Japan (Hokkaido) | Squalidae indet., Centrophoroides latidens (161434) | |
| Coniacian | United Kingdom (Northern Ireland) | Protosqualus sp. (213383) | |