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Taxonomy
Erycinae was named by Bonaparte (1825) [also said to be 1831]. It is extant. Its type is Eryx. It was considered paraphyletic by Noonan and Chippindale (2006).
It was reranked as the family Erycidae by Zittel (1890), Vidal and Hedges (2002); it was considered an invalid subgroup of Boidae by Noonan and Chippindale (2006).
It was assigned to Ophidia by Zittel (1890); to Henophidia by Vidal and Hedges (2002); to Macrostomata by Scanlon (2006), Longrich et al. (2012); and to Boidae by Bonaparte (1825), Perrier (1928), Kuhn (1946), McGrew et al. (1959), Kuhn (1966), Rage (1984), Szyndlar (1987), Zerova (1989), Parmley and Holman (1995), Maddox and Wall (1998), McDiarmid et al. (1999), Parmley and Hunter (2010), Cirilli et al. (2016).
It was reranked as the family Erycidae by Zittel (1890), Vidal and Hedges (2002); it was considered an invalid subgroup of Boidae by Noonan and Chippindale (2006).
It was assigned to Ophidia by Zittel (1890); to Henophidia by Vidal and Hedges (2002); to Macrostomata by Scanlon (2006), Longrich et al. (2012); and to Boidae by Bonaparte (1825), Perrier (1928), Kuhn (1946), McGrew et al. (1959), Kuhn (1966), Rage (1984), Szyndlar (1987), Zerova (1989), Parmley and Holman (1995), Maddox and Wall (1998), McDiarmid et al. (1999), Parmley and Hunter (2010), Cirilli et al. (2016).
Subtaxa
Albaneryx, Bransateryx, Cadurceryx, Charina, Eryx (type genus), Gaimanophis, Geringophis, Gongylophis, Huberophis, Lichanura (syn. Paraepicrates), Pterygoboa, Tregophis
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1825 | Erycinae Bonaparte |
| 1890 | Erycidae Zittel p. 630 |
| 1928 | Erycinae Perrier p. 3103 |
| 1946 | Erycinae Kuhn p. 62 |
| 1959 | Erycinae McGrew et al. p. 141 |
| 1966 | Erycinae Kuhn p. 63 |
| 1984 | Erycinae Rage p. 23 |
| 1987 | Erycinae Szyndlar p. 56 |
| 1989 | Erycinae Zerova p. 30 |
| 1995 | Erycinae Parmley and Holman p. 80 |
| 1998 | Erycinae Maddox and Wall p. 6 |
| 1999 | Erycinae McDiarmid et al. |
| 2002 | Erycidae Vidal and Hedges p. 983 |
| 2006 | Erycinae Scanlon p. 839 |
| 2010 | Erycinae Parmley and Hunter p. 527 |
| 2012 | Erycinae Longrich et al. |
| 2016 | Erycinae Cirilli et al. p. 22 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Subfm. Erycinae Bonaparte 1825 [sand boa]
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G. †Albaneryx Hoffstetter and Rage 1972
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†Albaneryx depereti Hoffstetter and Rage 1972
†Albaneryx volynicus Zerova 1989
G. †Cadurceryx Hoffstetter and Rage 1972
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†Cadurceryx filholi Hoffstetter and Rage 1972
†Cadurceryx pearchi Holman et al. 2006
G. Charina Gray 1849
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Charina bottae Blainville 1835 [northern rubber boa]
†Charina prebottae Brattstrom 1958
G. †Geringophis Holman 1976
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†Geringophis depressus Holman 1976
†Geringophis robustus Holman and Harrison 2001
†Geringophis vetus Holman 1982
†Geringophis yatkolae Holman 1977
†Geringophis yatkolai Holman 1977
G. Gongylophis Wagler 1830
Diagnosis
| Reference | Diagnosis | |
|---|---|---|
| E. Perrier 1928 | Taille ne dépassant pas 1 mètre. Queue très courte, peu mobile, non préhensile. Tête sans cou distinct; écailles dorsales très petites; sous-caudales unisériées. |
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: subf = subfamily, c = class, subp = subphylum | |||||
| References: Behler and King 1979, Greene 1997, Carroll 1988, Hendy et al. 2009 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Late/Upper Maastrichtian to the top of the Rancholabrean or 72.20000 to 0.01400 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 66.0 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 66.0 Ma
Collections (115 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Late/Upper Maastrichtian | USA (Montana) | Erycinae indet. (13142) | |
| Wasatchian | Canada (Northwest Territories) | Erycinae indet. (15583) | |
| Bridgerian | USA (Wyoming) | Paraepicrates brevispondylus (16244) | |
| Lutetian | Pakistan (North-West Frontier) | Erycinae indet. (28978) | |
| Lutetian | France (Gard) | Erycinae sp. (59129) | |
| Bartonian | France (Quercy, Midi-Pyrenees Region) | Cadurceryx filholi (12840) | |
| Bartonian | France (Languedoc-Roussillon Region) | Erycinae indet. (31736 183350) | |
| Bartonian | France (Picardie Region) | Cadurceryx sp. (12847) | |
| Late/Upper Eocene | United Kingdom (England) | Cadurceryx pearchi (39662) Erycinae indet. (38862) | |
| Late/Upper Eocene | France (Quercy) | Cadurceryx filholi (12850) | |
| Priabonian | USA (Georgia) | Huberophis georgiensis (27508) | |
| Priabonian | France (Quercy, Midi-Pyrenees Region) | Cadurceryx filholi (12841 12849 12852) Cadurceryx sp. (12842) | |
| Orellan | USA (Colorado) | Geringophis vetus (232908) | |
| Orellan | USA (Nebraska) | Geringophis vetus (75879) | |
| MP 22 | Germany (Baden-Württemberg) | Bransateryx vireti (117977 118196) | |
| Whitneyan | USA (Florida) | Geringophis indet., Geringophis robustus (17341) | |
| Chattian | USA (Florida) | Pterygoboa sp. (17860) | |
| Chattian | France | Bransateryx vireti (60281 60282) | |
| MP 25 | France | Bransateryx vireti (60214) | |
| MP 26 | France (Occitanie) | Bransateryx sp. (183674) | |
| MP 27 | Germany (Baden-Württemberg) | Bransateryx vireti (59124) | |
| MP 28 | France (Quercy) | Bransateryx vireti (36712) | |
| MP 28 | Germany (Baden-Württemberg) | Bransateryx vireti (59125) | |
| MP 28 - MP 30 | Germany (Baden-Württemberg) | Bransateryx sp. (59126) | |
| MP 30 | Germany (Baden-Württemberg) | Bransateryx vireti (66109) | |
| Monroecreekian | USA (Wyoming) | Geringophis depressus (75875) | |
| Harrisonian | USA (Nebraska) | Erycinae indet. (17792) Geringophis depressus (17802) | |
| MN 1 | Germany (Rhineland-Palatinate) | Bransateryx vireti (69617) | |
| Aquitanian | USA (Texas) | Erycinae indet. (18663) | |
| Aquitanian | France | Bransateryx sp. (151407) | |
| Aquitanian - Burdigalian | Kazakhstan | Eryx sp. (64355) | |
| Aquitanian - Burdigalian | Spain (Navarre) | Eryx sp. (153745 153749 153751 153753 153758 153760 153761 174922) | |
| Early/Lower Miocene | Kazakhstan (East Kasakhstan) | Eryx sp. (167805) | |
| Early/Lower Miocene | USA (Nebraska) | Geringophis yatkolae (27510) | |
| Early/Lower Miocene - Middle Miocene | Spain (Castile-La Mancha) | Eryx sp. (136269) | |
| Colhuehuapian | Argentina (Chubut) | Erycinae indet., Gaimanophis tenuis (27311) | |
| Burdigalian | USA (Delaware) | Erycinae indet., Pterygoboa delawarensis (18579) | |
| MN 3 | Germany (Baden-Württemberg) | Eryx sp. (69179) | |
| Orleanian | Spain (Castile-La Mancha) | Eryx sp. (60283) | |
| Orleanian - Middle Miocene | France (Rhône-Alpes) | Eryx sp. (26723) | |
| Early/Lower Hemingfordian | USA (Florida) | Pterygoboa sp. (18562) | |
| Early/Lower Hemingfordian | USA (Nebraska) | Boidae indet. (17963) | |
| Hemingfordian | USA (South Dakota) | Charina prebottae, Pterygoboa miocenica (17878) | |
| Hemingfordian | USA (Colorado) | Charina prebottae (17965) | |
| Hemingfordian | USA (Wyoming) | Charina prebottae (19074 19075 19077) | |
| Hemingfordian | USA (Florida) | Pterygoboa sp. (18597) | |
| Barstovian | USA (South Dakota) | Charina prebottae (18303 18397) | |
| Barstovian | USA (Nebraska) | Charina prebottae (18141) Charina prebottae, Geringophis depressus (18284) Geringophis depressus (27507) Geringophis depressus, Pterygoboa miocenica (18275) Pterygoboa miocenica (27481) | |
| Barstovian | Canada (Saskatchewan) | Charina prebottae (18759) | |
| Langhian | Spain (Catalonia) | Erycinae indet. (180192) | |
| Astaracian | Morocco (Tadla-Azilal) | Erycinae indet. (48630) | |
| Langhian - Serravallian | France (Midi-Pyrenees) | Albaneryx depereti (32191) | |
| Middle Miocene | USA (Wyoming) | Charina prebottae (26758 26759) | |
| MN 7 + 8 | France (Rhône-Alpes) | Erycinae indet. (79360) | |
| Clarendonian | USA (Kansas) | Tregophis brevirachis (18450) | |
| Late/Upper Clarendonian | USA (Nebraska) | Erycinae indet., Tregophis brevirachis (18327) | |
| Vallesian | Iraq | Erycinae indet. (41735) | |
| Vallesian | Ukraine (Khmel'nitsk'yi) | Bransateryx sp., Eryx sp., Albaneryx volynicus, Bransateryx sp. (48446) | |
| Tortonian | Italy (Tuscany) | Erycinae indet. (190848) | |
| Tortonian | Germany (Bavaria) | Erycinae indet. (206345) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | Spain (Granada) | Eryx jaculus (26752) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | Greece (Attica) | Erycinae indet. (182754) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | Mongolia (Övörkhangai) | Eryx sp. 1, Eryx sp. 2 (75600) | |
| MN 9 | Hungary (Heves) | Albaneryx volynicus (168187) | |
| Hemphillian | USA (Texas) | Charina prebottae (18198) | |
| Hemphillian | USA (Nebraska) | Charina prebottae, Lichanura sp. (18225) | |
| MN 11 | Ukraine (Odessa) | Eryx sp. (167806) | |
| Turolian | Kazakhstan | Eryx sp. (34436) | |
| Turolian | Italy (Ravenna) | Erycinae indet. (202035) | |
| MN 12 | Ukraine (Odessa) | Erycinae sp. (167833) Eryx sp. (48175 167995) | |
| MN 12 - MN 13 | China (Gansu) | Eryx linxiaensis (96188) | |
| Messinian | Italy (Piedmont) | Eryx sp. (172910) | |
| Messinian | Italy (Ravenna) | Eryx jaculus (144566) | |
| Early/Lower Pliocene | Hungary (North Hungary) | Eryx sp. (136068) | |
| Pliocene | Armenia | Eryx sp. (56729) | |
| Ruscinian | Türkiye (Ankara) | Eryx sp. (34370) | |
| Ruscinian | Greece | Eryx sp. (31907) | |
| Blancan | USA (Washington) | Charina bottae (20062) | |
| MN 15 | Moldova | Eryx sp. (50941) | |
| MN 15 | Ukraine (Odessa) | Erycinae indet. (168015) | |
| MN 15 | Russian Federation (Rostov) | Eryx sp. (168018) | |
| Late/Upper Pliocene | France | Erycinae indet. (49096) | |
| Piacenzian | Italy (Sardinia) | Eryx jaculus (230767) | |
| MN 16 | Ukraine (Odessa) | Erycinae indet. (168020) | |
| Middle Pleistocene | Greece (Chios) | Eryx jaculus (204077) | |
| Middle Pleistocene | Israel | Eryx sp. (192424 192425) | |
| Rancholabrean | USA (California) | Charina bottae (225558) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (California) | Charina bottae (225559) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Greece (Peloponnesus) | Eryx jaculus (184245) |