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Irritator challengeri

Reptilia - Spinosauridae

Taxonomy
Irritator challengeri was named by Martill et al. (1996). Its type specimen is SMNS 58022, a skull, and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Buxéxé, Santana do Cariri, which is in an Aptian fluvial-lacustrine mudstone/limestone in the Romualdo Formation of Brazil.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Candeiro et al. (2011).

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1996Irritator challengeri Kellner p. 616
1996Irritator challengeri Martill et al. p. 5 figs. 2-4
2002Irritator challengeri Buffetaut and Ouaja p. 418
2002Irritator challengeri Sues et al. p. 537
2003Irritator challengeri Rauhut p. 34
2004Irritator challengeri Holtz, Jr. et al. p. 73
2006Irritator challengeri Candeiro et al. p. 936
2006Irritator challengeri Medeiros p. 335
2007Irritator challengeri Buffetaut
2007Irritator challengeri Sánchez-Hernández et al. p. 190
2008Irritator challengeri Canudo et al. p. 660
2008Irritator challengeri Machado et al. p. 309
2008Irritator challengeri Sereno et al. p. 4
2011Irritator challengeri Bittencourt and Langer p. 35
2011Irritator challengeri Gianechini et al. p. 14
2011Irritator challengeri Kellner et al. pp. 104-105
2011Irritator challengeri Mateus et al. p. 54
2012Irritator challengeri Candeiro et al. p. 223
2012Irritator challengeri Carrano et al. p. 233
2013Irritator challengeri Bertozzo et al. p. 120
2013Irritator challengeri Fernandes de Azevedo et al. p. 131
2013Irritator challengeri Furtado et al. p. 105
2014Irritator challengeri Hendrickx and Mateus p. 20
2016Irritator challengeri Hendrickx et al. p. 22
2018Irritator challengeri Aranciaga Rolando et al. p. 107
2018Irritator challengeri Aureliano et al. p. 284
2019Irritator challengeri Arden et al. p. 277
2019Irritator challenger Wongko et al. p. 16
2020Irritator challengeri Malafaia et al. p. 432
2020Irritator challengeri Pereira et al. p. 1
2021Irritator challengeri de França et al. p. 1817

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
—Sauropsida
classReptilia
subclassEureptilia()
—Romeriida
RankNameAuthor
—Diapsida()
—Archosauromorpha(Huene 1946)
—Crocopoda
—ArchosauriformesGauthier 1986
—Eucrocopoda
—Archosauria()
informalAvemetatarsalia
—Ornithodira
—Dinosauromorpha
—Dinosauriformes
—Dinosauria()
—Theropoda()
—Neotheropoda
—AverostraPaul 2002
—Tetanurae
superfamilyMegalosauroidea()
familySpinosauridae
subfamilySpinosaurinae
genusIrritator
specieschallengeri

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

†Irritator challengeri Martill et al. 1996
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Diagnosis
ReferenceDiagnosis
D. M. Martill et al. 1996Theropod dinosaur with skull up to 840 mm in overall length (Figs 2, 3 & 4). Teeth highly elongate with posterior reduction in crown height; anterior maxillary teeth are straight, elongate, with sub-oval cross section and unserrated anterior and posterior carinae. Posterior maxillary teeth orthoconical. Tooth replacement mesolingual, and replacement teeth alternate between functional teeth. The tooth roots occupy almost the complete depth of the maxilla (Fig. 4). Maxilla straight with more than 11 teeth. Snout laterally compressed with triangular cross-section. Nasal opening oval, sited some way back from tip of snout. Frontals and parietals extended posterodorsally to form crest. Supratemporal fenestra very small. Infratemporal fenestra almost as large as orbit. Orbit ovoid. Quadrate massive and almost vertical. Stapes very thin, stick-like with expanded and flattened ends. Lower jaw twice as deep posteriorly than anterior ramus, angular extending only short distance anterior to mandibular fenestra. Mandibular fenestra inverted triangle, twice as long as high. Surangular with prominent, thin lateral shelf. At least posterior half of dentary probably edentulous.
H.-D. Sues et al. 2002Nasals with prominent median bony crest that terminates posteriorly in knob-like, somewhat dorsoventrally flattened projection. Dorsal surface of parietals facing posterodorsally and vertical axis of braincase inclined anteroventrally. Posterior surface of basisphenoid with deep, dorsoventrally oval median recess. Surangular with broad lateral shelf.
M. T. Carrano et al. 2012Spinosaurid theropod with nasals exhibiting prominent median bony crest that terminates posteriorly in knob-like, somewhat dorsoventrally flattened projection (Sues et al. 2002).
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: hydroxyapatiteo
Entire body: yeso
Adult length: 10 to < 100o
Adult width: 1.0 to < 10o
Adult height: 1.0 to < 10o
Architecture: compact or denseo
Ontogeny: accretion, modification of partso
Grouping: solitaryo
Environment: terrestrialo
Locomotion: actively mobileo
Life habit: ground dwellingo
Diet: carnivoreo
Reproduction: oviparouso
Dispersal: direct/internalo
Dispersal 2: mobileo
Created: 2004-12-14 12:50:08
Modified: 2004-12-14 14:50:08
Source: o = order
Reference: Marsh 1875

Age range: Late/Upper Aptian or 119.57000 to 113.20000 Ma

Collections: one only


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Late/Upper Aptian119.57 - 113.2Brazil (Ceará) Irritator challengeri (type locality: 28052)