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Trophoninae

Gastropoda - Neogastropoda - Muricidae

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1903Trophoninae Cossmann
1980Trophoninae Hickman p. 53
1988Trophoninae Ponder and Warén p. 304
1990Trophoninae Beu et al.
1994Trophoninae Wilson p. 49
1995Trophoninae Chiesa et al. pp. 55, 56
2005Trophoninae Bouchet et al. p. 255
2005Trophoninae DeVries p. 260
2008Trophoninae Schnetler and Palm p. 45

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Protostomia
—Spiralia
superphylumLophotrochozoa
phylumMollusca
classGastropoda
subclassCaenogastropoda(Cox 1959)
RankNameAuthor
—Sorbeoconcha(Ponder and Lindberg 1997)
—Hypsogastropoda(Ponder and Lindberg 1997)
superorderLatrogastropodaRiedel 2000
orderNeogastropodaThiele 1929
superfamilyMuricoideade Costa 1776
familyMuricidaeRafinesque 1815
subfamilyTrophoninaeCossmann 1903
subfamilyTrophoninaeCossmann 1903

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Subfm. Trophoninae Cossmann 1903
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G. Anatrophon Iredale 1929
G. †Apixystus Iredale 1929
+
†Apixystus polyphyllia Woods 1879
G. †Benthoxystus Iredale 1929
G. †Chesatrophon Petuch 1988
+
G. Enatimene Iredale 1929
G. †Enixotrophon Iredale 1929
G. †Eopaziella Gürs 2001
+
†Eopaziella capito Philippi 1843
†Eopaziella deshayesii Nyst 1836
G. †Gemixystus Iredale 1929
G. Lenitrophon Finlay 1927
G. †Litozamia Iredale 1929
+
G. Paratrophon Finlay 1926
G. Scabrotrophon McLean 1996
+
G. Terefundus Finlay 1926
G. Trophon Montfort 1810
+
Subg. †Trophon (Trophon) Montfort 1810
†Trophon alta Wood 1842
†Trophon alveolatum Sowerby 1826
†Trophon anceps Tate 1888
†Trophon calamitus Hanna 1924
+
Invalid names: Murex vaughani Dickerson 1917 [replaced]
†Trophon carringtoni Kensley and Pether 1986
†Trophon consociale Wood 1848
†Trophon daviesi Trask 1922
†Trophon dickersoni Clark 1915
†Trophon disparoides Wilckens 1912
†Trophon elegans Charlesworth 1837
†Trophon geversianum Pallas 1774
†Trophon gracilius Wood 1842
†Trophon hypsellus Tate 1888
†Trophon icosiphyllus Tate 1888
†Trophon imperspicuum Wood 1848
†Trophon isthmicus Bose 1906
Trophon kroteri Möller 1842
†Trophon lawsoni Clark 1915
†Trophon macharei DeVries 2005
†Trophon mangelioides Tate 1888
†Trophon monotropis Tate 1888
Trophon muricatus Montagu 1803
Trophon pallidus Broderip and Sowerby 1833
†Trophon patagonicus Sowerby 1846
†Trophon paululum Wood 1841
†Trophon progne White 1887
†Trophon pseudoturtoni Wood 1879
†Trophon santacrucensis Ihering 1897
†Trophon torquatus Tate 1888
Trophon truncatus Ström 1768
G. †Vesanula Finlay 1926
+
†Xanthochorus aculeata Tate 1888
Xanthochorus buxeus Broderip 1833
†Xanthochorus eripepomis DeVries 2005
†Xanthochorus ochuroma DeVries 2005
†Xanthochorus stephanicus DeVries 2005
†Xanthochorus xuster DeVries 2005
G. Xenotrophon Iredale 1929
+
†Xenotrophon basedowi Cossmann 1903
+
Invalid names: Murex (Chicoreus) irregularis Tate 1888 [replaced]
+
Invalid names: Xymenella Finlay 1927 [synonym]
G. Xymenopsis Powell 1951
+
Xymenopsis buccinea Lamarck 1816
†Xymenopsis dispar Rochebrune and Mabile 1889
†Xymenopsis hero Frassinetti and Covacevich 1995
Xymenopsis liratus Gould 1849
Xymenopsis muriciformis King and Broderip 1832
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: aragonitec
Locomotion: actively mobilef
Life habit: epifaunalf
Diet: carnivoref
Vision: limitedc
Created: 2009-09-10 08:22:24
Modified: 2009-09-10 10:22:24
Source: f = family, c = class
References: Kiessling 2004, Hendy et al. 2009

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Santonian to the top of the Holocene or 86.30000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 83.6 Ma

Collections (173 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Santonian86.3 - 83.6South Africa (Eastern Cape) Trophon umzambiensis (47109)
Danian66.0 - 61.6USA (Alabama) Trophon sp. (83297)
Thanetian59.2 - 56.0Trinidad and Tobago Trophon progne (80170)
Thanetian59.2 - 56.0USA (Alabama) Trophon sp. (90141)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8USA (Alabama) Trophon caudatoides (98390)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8Antarctica (Seymour Island) Lenitrophon suteri (63548)
Ypresian - Lutetian56.0 - 41.3Antarctica (Seymour Island) Xymene marincovichi (63551)
Middle Eocene47.8 - 37.71Mexico (Baja California Sur) Trophon sp. (43753)
Priabonian38.0 - 33.9USA (Washington) Trophon calamitus (40733)
Priabonian38.0 - 33.9Antarctica (Seymour Island) Lenitrophon suteri, Xymene lamesetaensis (63553)
Late/Upper Eocene37.2 - 33.9Antarctica Lenitrophon suteri, Xymene lamesetaensis (72389) Xymene lamesetaensis (72391)
Late/Upper Eocene37.2 - 33.9New Zealand (Canterbury) Xymene apipagoda, Xymene comes (45037)
Late/Upper Eocene37.2 - 33.9USA (Washington) Murex vaughani (4900)
Early/Lower Oligocene33.9 - 28.4Argentina Trophon lacinatus (71595) Trophon santacrucensis (71402) Trophon sp. (66146)
Rupelian33.9 - 28.1Denmark Eopaziella deshayesii (111476)
Oligocene33.9 - 23.03Argentina (Santa Curz) Trophon santacruzensis (48067)
Oligocene - Pliocene33.9 - 2.588Argentina (Santa Cruz) Trophon patagonicus (50076)
Late/Upper Oligocene28.4 - 23.03Hungary Hexaplex deshayesi (8338)
Late/Upper Oligocene28.4 - 23.03New Zealand (Central Otago) Paratrophon sp. (35126 35127)
Late/Upper Oligocene - Early/Lower Miocene28.4 - 15.97Argentina (Santa Cruz) Trophon santacruzensis, Xymenella elegans (48068)
Chattian28.1 - 23.03USA (California) Trophon sp. (52417 52418)
Chattian28.1 - 23.03Denmark (Jylland) Boreotrophon deshayesi (9170)
Chattian28.1 - 23.03Austria (Upper Austria) Boreotrophon capito (55237)
Chattian28.1 - 23.03Hungary Hexaplex deshayesi (8211)
Chattian28.1 - 23.03Denmark Eopaziella capito, Eopaziella deshayesi (234515) Eopaziella capito, Eopaziella deshayesii (111472 111475) Eopaziella deshayesii (111474)
Chattian28.1 - 23.03Argentina (Santa Cruz) Trophon sp. (205658)
Aquitanian23.03 - 20.44Argentina Fusus patagonicus (45887)
Early/Lower Miocene23.03 - 15.97Argentina Trophon santacrucensis (71403 71428 71429) Xymene dautzembergi, Trophon santacrucensis (71539) Xymenella dautzembergi, Trophon santacrucensis (185967) Xymenella elegans, Trophon santacrucensis (71430 71540 71542)
Early/Lower Miocene23.03 - 15.97Chile Trophon patagonicus (78429) Trophon sp., Trophon patagonicus (78425)
Early/Lower Miocene23.03 - 15.97USA (California) Trophon sp. (238169)
Otaian21.7 - 19.0New Zealand (Auckland) Terefundus n. sp. (84915)
Burdigalian20.44 - 15.97Italy Trophon bredai (178108)
Burdigalian20.44 - 15.97Argentina Trophon patagonicus (65179 65185) Trophon sp. (65178)
Burdigalian - Langhian20.44 - 13.82Australia (Western Australia) Murex irregularis (34467)
Altonian19.0 - 15.9New Zealand Vesanula chaskanon, Xymenella lepida, Xymenella n. sp. (67897) Vesanula morum, Vesanula vegrandis, Xymenella n. sp. (67900) Xymenella lepida (67822 67899)
Barstovian16.3 - 12.5USA (California) Trophon gillulyi (59074)
Middle Miocene15.97 - 11.608Australia (Victoria) Murex irregularis, Trophon polyphyllia, Trophon brevicaudatus, Rapana aculeata, Murex hamiltonensis (72210)
Middle Miocene15.97 - 11.608Argentina Trophon santacrucensis (71426)
Waiauan13.05 - 11.04New Zealand Terefundus lamelliferus (63089 63090)
Tortonian11.62 - 7.246Argentina Trophon geversianus (41478)
Tortonian11.62 - 7.246Peru Xanthochorus ochuroma (89182)
Late/Upper Miocene11.608 - 5.333Peru Xanthochorus stephanicus (80419)
Late/Upper Miocene11.608 - 5.333Mexico (Veracruz) Trophon isthmicus (59282)
Late/Upper Miocene11.608 - 5.333Australia (South Australia) Trophon goldsteini, Trophon metungensis (63432)
Late/Upper Miocene11.608 - 5.333USA (Maryland) Chesatrophon chesapeakeanus (92325)
Late/Upper Miocene11.608 - 5.333Argentina (Chubut) Trophon harringtoni, Trophon piramidensis, Xymenopsis michelii, Xymenopsis quenseli, Xymenopsis peninsularis (42146) Trophon leanzai, Trophon plicatus, Trophon cortatus, Trophon retrorsum, Trophon vokesae, Trophon broggii (42149) Xymenopsis flechensis (42147)
Late/Upper Miocene - Pliocene11.608 - 2.588Chile (Coquimbo) Xanthochorus sp. (221847)
Messinian7.246 - 5.333Peru Xanthochorus ochuroma (80415)
Early/Lower Pliocene5.333 - 3.6Ecuador (Manabi) Trophon ecuadorius (60772)
Early/Lower Pliocene5.333 - 3.6Peru Trophon carlosmartini, Xanthochorus ochuroma (89174) Trophon macharei (80527) Xanthochorus eripepomis (80522) Xanthochorus eripepomus, Xanthochorus ochuroma (89184) Xanthochorus ochuroma (80521 89176 89178 89183)
Early/Lower Pliocene5.333 - 3.6Chile Trophon sp. (78555)
Early/Lower Pliocene5.333 - 3.6USA (California) Trophon sp. (208580)
Early/Lower Pliocene5.333 - 3.6New Zealand (Auckland) Xymene coctor (45259)
Zanclean5.333 - 3.6United Kingdom (England) Trophon altum (84762) Trophon alveolatum (84763) Trophon imperspicuum (84992) Trophon muricatum, Trophon gracilius, Trophon paululum (84755)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.588Antarctica Trophon disparoides (41576)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.588India Xymenella infratabulata (77658)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.588Chile (Antofagasta) Xanthochorus cassidiformis (96707)
Pliocene - Pleistocene5.333 - 0.0117USA (Florida) Trophon lepidota (41749)
Late/Upper Pliocene3.6 - 2.588Chile Trophon covacevichi (79211) Trophon covacevichi, Trophon huilliche (79207) Trophon covacevichi, Trophon vetulus (79209) Trophon huilliche, Trophon covacevichi (79204) Trophon parcus (79201) Trophon vetulus (79206 79213) Trophon vetulus, Trophon covacevichi (79208)
Late/Upper Pliocene3.6 - 2.588South Africa (Western Cape) Trophon carringtoni (118318)
Late/Upper Pliocene3.6 - 2.588Peru Xanthochorus buxeus (80530) Xanthochorus cassidiformis (80406) Xanthochorus sp., Xanthochorus buxeus (80409) Xanthochorus xuster (80541 89175 89179 89180 89181)
Late/Upper Pliocene3.6 - 2.588United Kingdom (England) Trophon altum (84761) Trophon alveolatum (84759 84797) Trophon consocialis, Trophon muricatum (84764) Trophon costifer, Trophon olavii, Trophon muricatus, Trophon elegans (84819) Trophon kroteri (84758)
Piacenzian3.6 - 2.588Chile Xanthochorus cassidiformis (142300)
Piacenzian3.6 - 2.588Peru Xanthochorus xuster (219106)
Piacenzian3.6 - 2.588Belgium Trophon muricatus, Atractodon elegans (179048 179079)
Gelasian2.588 - 1.806United Kingdom (England) Trophon pseudoturtoni (84757)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.588 - 0.781Antarctica Trophon sp. (48434)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.588 - 0.781USA (Florida) Trophon lepidota (41497 41501 79331)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.588 - 0.781Chile Trophon geversianus, Xymenopsis dispar (89241)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117Chile (Copiapó) Xanthochorus cassidiformis (222838 222840 222876 222878 222879)
Quaternary2.58 - 0.0Chile (Copiapó) Xanthochorus cassidiformis (223451)
Calabrian1.8 - 0.774Peru (Ica) Xanthochorus xuster (219059 219104) Xanthochorus xuster, Xanthochorus buxeus (219105)
Ionian0.774 - 0.129Argentina Trophon geversianus (71612)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129Greenland Trophon truncatus (75179 75200)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129New Zealand (Wellington) Xymene expansus (94818)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129Argentina Trophon varians, Trophon geversianus (71606)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129Peru Xanthochorus buxeus (80427)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129USA (California) Trophon cerritensis (222663) Trophon macouni (222979) Trophon pacificus (96894 222998) Trophonopsis lasia (223301)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Greenland Trophon truncatus (227028 227030 227031)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Greenland (Disko Island) Trophon truncatus (227045) Trophon truncatus, Trophon fabricii (227046)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Japan Xymene contractus (96943 96945)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Argentina Trophon varians (71607 71610)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (California) Trophon cerritensis (222661)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Peru (Moquegua) Trophon peruvianus (43708)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Peru Trophon peruvianus, Xanthochorus buxea (76643)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Greenland Trophon fabricii (75219) Trophon truncatus (75212 75217 75220)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Peru Xanthochorus buxeus (97644)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Argentina Fuegotrophon pallidus, Xymenopsis buccinea (71603) Fuegotrophon pallidus, Xymenopsis muriciformis, Trophon geversianus (71602) Trophon geversianus (65818 65819 65820 65821) Trophon muriciformis, Trophon geversianus (65823) Trophon sp. (162173) Trophon varians, Trophon geversianus (71674 71675) Xymenopsis muriciformis (71601)